Reposition sense in the knee joint in individuals with and without low Essay

Reposition sense in the stifle joint in individuals with and without low back pain - Essay Example(Gill & Callaghan 1998 Newcomer et al. 2000 OSullivan et al 2003).Although not significant to prove the hypothesis, it could be seen how the result of this study has drawn the realization of the fact that proprioception needfully to be increased among patients of LBP as they undergo particular therapies to treat their health issues. Through focusing to this need, it could be noticed how the entire system of therapy applied among those in need of healthc are assistance in confederation with LBP could be improved through the implication of the importance of seeing how giving attention to bodily proprioception could be a huge difference in the process of curing those who have LBP.The limited proportion of the samples surrounded by each other has a huge significance with the result that has been garnered from this study. The fact that the participants came from the same institution and a re having quite the same age range made the study more focused on a particular group of the population who may or may not be in ceaseless possibility of developing LBP, which is the youth. Diversity was perhaps the lacking factor in this study. As this study lacked the say element, the application of the results to a more general scope of population affected by the health office staff becomes a huge question of limitation.The LBP subjects included in this study described their pain as low to minimal severity. Moreover, the recruitment period was conducted during summer vacation. Likely because of the situation, the season and the perception of the participants with the time, they are rather expect to have moods and certain perceptive reactions to the experiment which could have likely affected the whole result of the study.To chasten the whole limited sense of the study, an application of the isokinetic testing could be applied. This testing could help in

Egoism related to ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Egoism related to ethics - experiment ExampleNevertheless, self-interest in ethics becomes mismatched statement as the core mood of estimable ideology is to act in a moral way (right or wrong) to benefit community or the larger world. Yet, egoism perspective teaches only to act in ones own egotism interest. Thus, completeness in truth is not a provable moral principle in egoism.Simultaneously, rational egoism in ethics is described as a significant choice or interest of a soulfulness with rational or logical action plan to attain personal interest. However, in planetary egoism is seen with disdain, just now that is not the case always. It benefits a person and community as well. For instance, if a person belief in re-use of things then he is not only saving money at his end, but also decreasing pollution factor in various manners. Similarly, cultural relativism is a perspective of a specific group to act as morally right or wrong. Hence, this perceptive neither forms a theory or is ethically justified.Basant is a sub-continental festival celebrated by people of India and Pakistan. Its main idea perceived by general public is to celebrate spring via yellow dress codes, kite quick and eating. However, this festival is not appreciated by Muslims due to religious grounds as it is celebrated in the honour of Hindu Goddess Saraswati.There is no harm if one politely declines to eat pork, raw ribs or alcohol due to personal belief or religious grounds. As it is an acceptable action correspond to egoism and ethics. Yet, if a person belief and adapts a practice, which exploits the rights of larger community then egoism is a false

Smart classroom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Smart classroom - Essay ExampleTherefore, this paper aims to take a critical estimate of the use of wise(p) classrooms, and its effect on the teaching/learning process, highlighting both its challenges, and the possible intend to address these.In order to provide a more coherent discussion of the topic of unfermented classrooms, the study has a six structure, aimed to fostering better understanding of the topic. Therefore, the archetypical part analyses the issue of smart classrooms from the teachers perspective, while looking into the benefits brought about by smart classrooms, especially by augmenting collaboration between students throughout the process of learning. The second part of the paper analyses the composing elements of smart classrooms. Furthermore, the possible challenges that are likely to choke while trying to implement smart classrooms are discussed under the final part of the present paper. forward entering deeper into the field of modern education, and the is sue of whether smart classrooms have changed the understanding of traditional education, we will first proceed with explaining what smart classrooms actually are. According to Huang, Hu, Yang and Xiao (2012) smart classrooms are a sort of advanced technology which is designed to improve the learning experience and the classroom environment, enhancing both the learning and the teaching process simultaneously, by means of the newly introduced learning technology. This technology, as further explained by Huang, Hu, Yang and Xiao (2012), consists of PCs, various programmes, materials, innovative listening gadgets, and audio-visual devices or networks. Following the same direction, other researchers (e.g. Di, Gang and Juhong, 2008) point to the importance that the newly introduced technology acquire, to such an bound that they have turned into a vital device a tool that plays an effective role in transferring and exchanging information within the IT governed environment.An important as pect that is

India's Contribution towards the British War Effort in World War I and Research Paper

Indias Contri andion towards the British state of war Effort in World War I and the Aftermath - Research Paper ExampleSince the pouf Empire sided with the German forces, the Ottoman army started attacking various strategic positions (oil depots, ports and locations military importance) in the lay East. notwithstanding despite the neutral role of the Shah of Afghanistan, the Ottoman army influenced some of the local tribesmen on the Indian-Afghan boundary in the North-West of India to who started attacking the British forces and captured some of the land and supply routes. The British Army was a mixture of races from different dominions and colonies of the British Empire and the British Indian army was one of them. 2 regiments of the British Indian Army were permanently stationed in various other British colonies before the start of WWI alone in WWI it played pivotal role on various frontiers in Middle East, South Asia, and southeastern United States Asia. The Indian Army mainl y comprised of the lower Castes of Hindus the untouchables, the Shudras (artisans, craftsmen and service providers) and the Vaishyas (agriculturists, cattle traders, merchants and bankers) and as well in Muslims the Ajlafs (the local converts) and the Arzals. The Indian people were not trained to become high ranked officers in the army and only served as soldiers commonly known as Sepoys (derived from Persian word Sipahi meaning soldier). In World War I the Indian Army fought against the German Empire in German East Africa and on the Western Front. The Indians in any case served on various other frontiers in Egypt, Gallipoli. The most remarkable of the efforts by the Indian army was in Mesopotamia where nearly 700,000 soldiers served against the Ottoman Empire. In addition to these foreign expeditions the Indian Army also defended the British Indian Empire at the North Western frontier and also in the South East at Burmese border. The Largest Volunteer Army The British established their first cantonment in India in 1757 at Goa to fight against the French forces in India and it marked the beginning of the facilitys of Indians to the British Army. As the British invaded to a greater extent and more land the Indian population in the army went on increasing and when in 1857 the Indian tin can was brought under the British crown, the British Indian Army was formally established. The Sepoy mutiny of 1857 forced the British to adjust the Indian inclusion in the army to lower rank soldiers and as a result in the main the lower castes joined the army. By 1914, the British Indian Army was the largest volunteer army in the existence with a total strength of 240,000 men. The largest increase in the army happened during the WWI when the recruitment process was very agile and the Lower Caste Indians were more and more interested to join the army not only because of the incentives but also the sense of security for being in the British army was a big motivational for ce for a lower caste Indian who was treated in an inhumane manner. This large induction increased the number of Indians in the British army to almost 550,000 by November 1918. This large strength also increased the importance of the British Indian Army which was called upon to deal with incursions and raids on the North West Frontier. Moreover the Indian army was also deployed in the British Empire in China, Singapore and Egypt. Events during the War 1. The Indian army was sent to Marseilles on 30th September 1914 as reinforcement to the British Expeditionary persuasiveness but the Indian army was not familiar to the local conditions and climate and was poorly equipped to compel weather. Moreover the uneducated, less-trained lower caste soldiers from India could not learn to operate the new war equipment. This force took occasion in the four major battles namely

Japan Town in San Francisco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Japan T protest in San Francisco - Essay ExampleThe Japan Center, though looks instead conventional, has many delightful restaurants and shops, stairways and pioneer courtyards and is considered as the focal point of Japanese culture in the halfway of San Francisco. The Peace Pagoda, designed by the famous Japanese architect Yoshiro Taniguchi, is a five-storied stupa which is a contribution by the people of Osaka, Japan to San Francisco.San Franciscos Japantown share its borders with California, Geary, Octavia, and Fillmore Streets. It has about 150 small and medium sized businesses with plentiful cheap housing complexes for seniors. It also has non-profit organizations like the Japanese Cultural and Community Center of Northern California, Kimochi Senior Center, Nihonmachi minute Friends (preschool), national headquarters for the Japanese American Citizens League, the Japantown Task Force, the Japanese Benevolent Society, and the Ikenobo Ikebana Society of America. (2000 Census , 2006)History The runner Japanese also called as Soko resided in San Francisco during early 1860s. Initially they lived in Chinatown and in neighborhoods south of marketplace Street. Post the disastrous earthquake and fire in 1906, these Sokos started moving to the Western Addition where they opened their own centers of prayers and typical Japanese shops and restaurants. The area slowly started to look Japanese in every manner and was briefly looking like a Ginza which was later known as Nihonmachi, or Japantown. It was the dawn of San Franciscos Japanese American community. San Francisco, California houses the largest Japantown in United States of America. However, it is smaller than the one which was prevalent in United States prior to the ball War II. It so happened that after the invasion on Pearl Harbor by Japanese, the US administration took Japanese Americans into custody and put them in concentration camps. At the same time, African Americans encroached on the unemplo yed neighborhood. These thousands of African Americans had come in search of wartime industrial jobs. However, after the war, Japanese Americans returned along with Japanese immigrants near followed by investments from the Japanese government as well as Japanese companies. Owing to the redevelopment plans by Justin Herman in the 1960 to 1980, the African Americans were relocated to places like Fillmore district in the west, Tenderloin in the east and Hunters summit in the south. At this point of time, many residents of San Francisco decided against returning after the World War II resulted in forced captivity of Japanese Americans - some being probably second or 3rd generation Americans since 1942-45. About one-third of the internees decided to relocate themselves in the East and Midwest after the encouragement of the War Relocation Authority. During the period of 1950s, JapanTown was negatively impacted by this redevelopment due to the widening of Geary boulevard and the oblite ration of scores of Victorians for the construction of the boulevard and the Japan Center Mall. Inspired by the conventional Japanese pedestrian walkways, the famous Webster Bridge was also designed. The Miyako hotel at Post and Laguna has a charming Japanese garden. Also seen is one of the favourite destinations, the twin origami-style fountain in the middle of the one block open air mall which extends from Peace Plaza north toward Pacific

Walmart, Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Walmart, Inc - Essay ExampleOnce inside, customers are fit to easily change the app to store mode from online mode, thus creating room for them to enjoy interactive in-store experiences such as scanning bar codes for pricing and going through Wal-Marts interactive in-store circular, which entrust enable them to hold the line a record of everything theyve bought thus tracking overall expenditure. This new change adopted by the placement gives customers the ability to switch from online to store mode, giving Wal-Mart app users an opportunity to compare prices with other eTail sites and customers will now be able to purchase out-of-stock items online (Paul, Lori, & Hayagreeva, 2010).Wal-Mart was formed by Sam Walton. It was Sams leadership which brought about the fast growth of Wal-Marts success. This colossal achievement was achieved as a result of Sams day-dream that he nurtured to realization by incorporating leadership and management practices that were highly effective. Wal- Marts current commitment to valuing raft in the entire facet of its leadership, management and culture was cultivated overtime (Wollam, 2009).3. How would you improve the change leadership process at this organization? Provide your suggestions and recommendations for improvement and explain why they will promote arrogant change within the organization.Come up with a comprehensive mission statement for the organizations mission statement with its activities aligned with the organizations vision. For example, Wal-Marts primary goal is to offer and deliver high timbre goods for all marketing, advertising and research, and development activities should be focused on the quality of goods, modes and speed of delivery.Task forces which transmit together the organizations leadership to discuss strategy should be created. This task force will be working together to come up with short- and long-term road maps for the organization which

Human Resources - Riordan Problem Solution Paper and Defense Essay

Human Resources - Riordan line Solution Paper and Defense - Essay Exampleal analysis and discussion of the gracious election management problems in Riordan Manufacturing with a view of proposing the most effective measures of solving the companys human resource problems and thus enabling it to maintain its competitiveness within the market. The analysis of the current situation at Riordan including stakeholder dilemmas is presented within the paper. An end state vision is also given for the company with identification and analysis of its selection solution. The paper further recommends the optimal solution and an evaluation of results.Even though performance based pay strategy may prove advantageous to an organization, there be other social and economic factors which make believe the performance of employees which must be considered in compensation them (Dan, Alina and Oana, 2011)Proper employee compensation will prevent release of valuable employees to business competitors w ho could be offering higher salaries to their employees. As such adequate compensation plays the post of decreasing employee turnover in significant percentage (Johnson, 2012).It is through re useing the job structure and specifically shaping the social occasions and obligations of all employees in work activities that the company would utilize the opportunity of implementing the most appropriate job designOrganizations are mandated to draft an appropriate job design which will enable employees to identify their job specifications, role and activities. This is because a poor job design leads to a situation where employees are made to perform tasks which they are not skilled or knowledgeable to perform and as a result killing their morale (Cnar, Bektas and Aslan, 2011)After the analysis of the employee salaries through surveys buy the human resource management team, the results of the surveys must be enforced for an organization to be able to solve any crisis which affects its em ployees (Khan, Riaz and Rashid, 2011)Riordan has registered declining sales

Decision Paper for System Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Decision Paper for System Development - Essay ExampleThey stated that institutions that clinch high growth aspirations must integrate the conventional financial administration bodys with top-hole checklist capacities. In particular, the saucily billing system that Hillside school seeks to integrate holds the requisite incentives to facilitate effective precaution of received resources. It provides distinct measures and guidelines that that is credible. This paper discuses overall elements that define the Hillside school cash management system with references to its new billing system. air Problem As-Is billing system that the school operates, presents immense complications that hinders the realization of credible results. The system holds inferior information management procedures and control mechanism that affects confidentiality in cash administration. Indeed, the system hold limited potential to grow the school into its growth prospect especially at the time that it seeks to expand its enrollment capacity. Increase in enrolment will require an effective system with limited gaps that may compromise cash management and accountability (Shelly & Rosenblatt, 2012). The schools deputy head teacher faulted the systems rigidity and stated that it hold no relevance in the contemporary setting where superior billing infrastructure is recommended. The system was designed using Ms formulate and excel softwares that provided difficulty in the maintenance of records. The school holds a vast summate of educatee records that range from financial, admission, class allocation, payroll details and production of reliable financial reports. The As-Is system direct to severe confusion and duplication of lean since it provides inferior incentive that cannot facilitate effective distinction of work done. The schools administration is under obligation to administer proper records as stipulated in the guidelines. They are answerable to the stakeholders on the utilizatio n of resources through clear and structured systems. However, this was not possible at some point ascribable to the lapses that the system provided thus prompting the need to integrate the new system. In short, major complications presented by the As-Is system include provision of unclear fee collecting wait on that fails to facilitate transparency. The infrastructure adopted devil centers of fee collection through diverse payment schemes that include fixed and variable systems. These fee collection systems exposed the institution to confusion on cash administration (Shelly & Rosenblatt, 2012). Variably, it was integrated with inferior softwares that compromised the superior administration and production of payroll documents, financial reports and student particulars. The system also failed to provide superior control mechanism and processing capacity for credible outcome. It also failed to ensure effective harmonization of student fee schedules especially for students from one family. The diagram below shows the old systems fee payment techniques that presented immense challenges in ensuring effective cash administration. Process diagram Variable fee payment intractable fee payment Fixed fee payment Business Process Improvement Business process improvement entails integration of credible operating systems and adoption of best practices that are development oriented. Advancing

Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Leadership - interrogation Paper Examplesuring the smooth flow of operations of the organization, among others. In order to achieve sustainable development, companies indispensability to be conscientious of the environment and people they would exploit in the name of business. A healthy vestibular sense between attaining resources from the environment and the social and moral compromise it will have on the people moved(p) should be struck. It should not come to a point wherein resources are abused without any attempt to fill again it for rising use. Ways and means are thoroughly considered as to the sustainability of current developments and innovations of the organization. Wastage of time, effort resources and trust gained from stakeholders should be avoided as much as possible and a shared vision towards the achievement of goals should prevail among the members of the organization. ... They plume themselves of having taught other companies which has sustained its growth with their 20 years of Global leadership in their area of expertise. effective what does it take for companies to achieve sustainable development? In motivating a reluctant CEO of trail his organization towards sustainable development, I could refer him to the article of Costanza (1999) wherein the author painted four visions of possible futures of society. showing the reluctant CEO the Mad Max version of a bleak and dreary future of ordered deterioration due to neglect and irresponsible decisions and actions of people could push him towards positive action. Unto his hands rest the future of the organization and the corresponding quality of life it will bring to his team and their stakeholders. Thus, he needs to conquer his act together, as he is burdened with a great responsibility. Costanza (1999) talks about technical optimism and technological scepticism. People should be hopeful of the innovations brought about by technology and progress. One could not argue how the cheat of data processors and the internet has pushed man to the new millennium armed with great knowledge derived from such tools. Information and computer technology (ICT) has improved the way people do business, because it has made it possible to seal business proceeding more conveniently and at a quicker pace. At the same time, people should be suspect about the neglect of human resources and depletion of natural resources that technological innovations can cause. Such developments of technological innovations greatly guess on natural resources such as energy and by-products of nature for materials. It has been known that the abuse of the environment has caused homo much devastation in

Compare the view of class in Homer, Boccaccio, Austen Essay

Compare the expectation of class in Homer, Boccaccio, Austen - Essay ExampleWith his kindness, Odysseus wins the total loyalty of his thankful slaves. In Homers poem there are twinklings when Odysseus is described as inconsiderate and stubborn. He loses his concern when he is lift up by his triumph over the strong Kyklops Polyphemos. Because of his temporary loss of common sense his puts his men in great danger. Despite his crew unwillingness, Odysseus embarks into the Kyklops island. There are other scenes in which Odysseus shows his selfish nature, for example the moment when he sends his crew to the unknown land of Kirke. He does this to avoid a potential danger which puts his disembodied spirit in peril. Although the initial description that Mentor gives is true, to an extend he idolizes Odysseus and portrays him in idealized fashion.In comparison, the wizard in Dantes Inferno is Dante himself. The novel is written from first-person perspective, which indicates that the cha racter Dante is narrating the story. In Inferno we have to manage between the author Dante and the protagonist Dante. The author creates his character as a fictional one. The novel represents a journey of the protagonist Dante, written as if it was happening to the author Dante. At the beginning the protagonist has ruth for the sinners in Hell. He shows how merciful he is. Then he realizes that the sinners deserve to be punished for their wrongdoing. hither the protagonist is described as ruthless. Dantes character undergoes a noticeable change throughout his journey. His pity for the sinners reduces as he goes down through Hell. The protagonist is also described as curious and caution at the same time, because he asks Virgil for advice every step on his way. Dantes character is also heroic during his journey. He is not afraid of what is happening around him and shows no fear. The protagonist is also wise, because he knows that he can not be hurt, and he can prevent the sufferin g that the sinners experience.In Emma, Jane

1880-1929 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

1880-1929 - leaven ExampleThis migration fuelled economic activities thus leading to urbanization.This liberal era saw the 15th and 16th Am give the axements being passed that served to free the black American community from chains of slavery and discrimination. It is also these amendments that gave the black men fortune to participate in electoral voting. However, women had to wait until 1920 before they earned their rights to participate in electoral processes. The progressive legislations were clearly a product of grassroots pressure from abolitionists and women rights movements. Women suffrage movements had by 19th century gained whim and little could have been done to tone their demands down. All they wanted was their rights vindicatory as the African Americans demanded for them. aft(prenominal) the war, it was evident that most blacks were still being victims of segregation as most of their basic freedoms were curtailed. Secondly, the industrialization has just taken its r oots and most of the workers felt they were working under deplorable conditions. Statistics gathered in the very(prenominal) period revealed that most employees had succumbed to death due to injuries or illnesses relating to their workplaces. Labor movements soon shaped up and calls for the end of child labor, improved working conditions, and better pay became the order of the

Group Minds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Group Minds - Essay ExampleHowever, the fact of life is that all individuals live their life in a group. There are very few people who appreciate to live a lonesome(a) life as numerous cannot stand solitude for long. Majority of the people are group animals, up to now if they fail to recognize it and this is what creates problem i.e. the failure to downstairsstand the social law that governs the group and thus that governs us.It is required that the ideas and opinion of an individual belonging to a certain group is influenced by the opinion of that group. It is a sturdy task to maintain individuality against group opinion.Psychologist and sociologists have carried out various experiments to exhibit that usually the individuals are influenced by the opinion of the group and give up their opinion beca occasion the opinion of the majority in-group does not equip with them. People who have experienced this scenario agree that it is a shameful memory of theirs that they gave up the ir opinion under the influence of the group. It is important to realize this and various other mechanisms of human behavior so that in future we just do not limit our self to collection of information about ourselves but use it to improve our life and situation and free people from blind loyalties and obedience (Lessing,

What can we learn from change strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What can we learn from interpolate strategies - Essay Exampleis acquittance to discuss how the programme of inter spay affects the structure of the organization illustrating briefly the organization structure prior to change and the results of the change programmes. The paper will also discuss the impacts of change on the staff and systems in congenator to motivation and engagement of staff and the new way in which they have to work following the change. cumulus and Jones (2007) noted that the programme of change has positive impact on the structure of the organization as the changes are meant to improve ways of achieving the goals and objectives of the Companies. Strategic changes occurred in Asda Superstore in order to deal with new products in the market, change magnitude competition, new government regulations, changing the workforce and technological developments hence the business was assured of success.Prior to the change the organization structure of Asda Superstore was simple since they had less employees and managers and hence running the business was easier. Changes had to be considered because the supermarket was struggling to accession sales and change in consumer habits that were driven by the increase in online shopping and low incomes among customers do it difficult to succeed. Change programmes were initiated after the demand of the products in Asda superstore increased and therefore there was need to change strategies so that they can meet the needs of the customers. Jansson (2008) stated that the organizational structure for Asda superstore was refined, their accountabilities clear, duplication removed and decision-making make swift and communicated transparently.The strategic changes in Asda superstore had a positive impact on the staff and systems, as they were boost to contribute to the success of the organization by beingness given a chance to share their ideas and being involved in the decision-making processes (Samson and Bevi ngton, 2012). After the strategic changes, some staff members were motivated by being

Project management maturity model Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Project management matureness model - Assignment ExampleProject management principles that need application and support are include in this level. These principles are related to methodologies applied by the company. III. Level 3 Singular Methodology A company is in a position to integrate all corporate methodologies into wholeness with a center on project management. These effects termed as synergistic effects simplifies process control in compounding with item-by-item methodology rather than multiple methodologies. IV. Level 4 Benchmarking at this level, competitive advantage is enjoyed by a company. Process improvement is the focus of management so that the company maintains this advantage. This level is performed regularly and continuously. Decisions make at this level look at whom and what to benchmark. V. Level 5 Continuous improvement all nurture from benchmarking are important for triumph in project management. This information is used in benchmarking followed by a deci sion whether the information will empower singular methodology. These levels of maturity are not only thoroughgoing(a) by companies in a consequential manner but may overlap in one manner or the other (Kerzner 2001, pp.41-44). Ferris HealthCare, Inc. ... The need for project managers in career path position with a structure to accommodate project management was seen a priority in making the organization prosper. A project management training program was conducted by a consultant in the organization. One ordinal of the organizations employees participated in the training program. The fifty trained officials held several meetings in the next cardinal months to set out models to use for the firm. Finally, three stage gates were identified although dictated by personalised interests. The models were information systems, bare-assed products portfolio and corporate clients. The models developed had several similarities since they had rigid policies and procedures. After a year of ca rrying into action of the models, a problem in decision making about the right project manager for a specific project emerged. Project managers were obliged to understand the three models. The only option available was assigning project managers who understood particular methodology. Later, the company consolidated the methodologies into one, with a focus on guidelines rather than policies and procedures. The new model received support from most employees. The company organized another training session for untrained employees on project management with a focus on the new method. Unfortunately, there was no success in future projects. Questions a. What difficulty did the management face to initiate one methodology from the start? b. why did the three methods based on policies and procedures? c. Why do you think the company was forced to seek for single methodology? d. Why did the company decide that the methodology rely on guidelines rather than policies

Planet feedback Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Planet feedback Assignment - set about ExampleFor example, in the top five comments, the trending is associated with faulty products and customer think of. Customers could actually forward these concerns to customer serving department, especially that all of them are actually negative comments about the products and services dingle offered to its prospective and potential drop customers.In the case of some concerns about faulty products, based on the top five letters, a customer tries to bring the topic about defective product that is cheaply do and comment on expensive repair for it. As a result, the customer has come to decide buying another sucker in the future. At the last part of the letter, the customer tries to recommend and address it to the company not to direct their products so cheap and even to apply them better warranty. The customer also has a preconceived idea, those products that are cheap and with no better warranty must have come from China or made in there . This is a negative feedback on the part of Dell and remarkably needs serious result on the part of the management. The mentioned concern of this specific customer possibly threatens the kind of image Dell would crap in the market. This would eventually try to make possible customer erosion or even injustice of chance of barter for on Dells product offerings from those who are still searching for the better brand. They are the ones most likely looking for the best brand feedback as they would want to maximize the value for their money. So this is actually the next concern of the other letter sent to Dell at Planetfeedback. some other customer expresses bad experience with Dell products. This customer seems to have high level of loyalty for Dell brands from the start. This customer used to patronize Dells offerings for four years, but not until having bad purchase with defective product. This fails the customers expectation, leaving the idea it is not worth to buy products from Dell again. The permeate line of this

Managing Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Managing Human Resources - assay ExampleThe most ideal course of activeness the Chief Human Resource Officer should collide with is to advice the company to delay and adjust to an elective contribution solely when the committee that oversees the 401k plan and the company as a whole does not contain material nonpublic details (Boudreau, & Ramstad, 2007). In addition, it is not apparent(a) how tasks are distributed between the decision maker committee of the company and the committee that oversees the 401k plan. Therefore, the most suitable route of action that the chief human resource officer could take would be to forward the concern to both the executive committee of the company and the committee that oversees the 401k plan, to consecrate them cooperatively reach an agreement on how to address the issue.Would doing something intimately it constitute insider affair?If the Chief Human Resource Officer does something about the situation, it will comprise insider trading. Insider trading refers to the act of selling and buying shares in the stocks of the company by the board of directors, management of the company, or by a holder of over 10% of the shares of the company. Company managers are permitted to trade the stocks of their company on instruct that they reveal their pursuit before ten days to the end of the month within the duration the relations take place. Nevertheless, it is unlawful for company insiders to trade on the basis of their knowledge of material company developments which have not been publicly proclaimed.

Wine Making Essay Example for Free

Wine practice EssayWine-making is essentially a chemic appendage. It get hold ofs a chemical reaction in which sugars are off to alcohol and carbon dioxide in the aim of yeast. There are in any case many other chemical processes going on which presume the strength, appearance, colour and taste of the drink. Grape Ingredients Wine is made from grapes. In concomitant to water, grapes contain two different sugars glucose and fructose, tartaric deadly, malic acid, amino acids and a few other chemicals.The chemical processes of drink-making involve several of these components and the amount of each is important in determining the character of the wine produced. Glucose to Ethanol The well-nigh important chemical reaction in the wine making process is the breaking down of glucose by yeast, forming ethanol and carbon dioxide as gas. There are various important factors at this stage which affect the wine. First, sulphur dioxide gas is passed through the crushed grapes to ki ll off wild yeasts. If this was not done the yeasts would debate with one another and fermentation would stop prematurely.Controlling pH Next the pH (acidity) of the grape chassis needs to be controlled. If grapes are too sweet, and then their pH is too high (acidity too low) then less flavours are produced in the wine. The pH can be lowered by adding tartaric acid at the start of the fermentation process. Temperature Finally the temperature must be controlled throughout the process. Fermentation is an exothermic process (heat is produced by the reaction), but there are various reasons for keeping the temperature as low as possible.yeast stops growing as temperatures increase and will die at higher temperatures. Also at lower temperatures colours and flavours are extracted from the skins and by-products such as esters and aromatic compounds are produced which add to the flavour and also the clarity of the wine. Advances in Wine Chemistry As more and more research is done into the constituents of the wine and the way they are formed, two areas in particular stand out. First is the idea that regular aspiration of wine in moderation is good for you.Statistical studies construct shown that wine drinkers are less accustomed to heart disease, cancer and other diseases. This whitethorn be explained by the fact that wine drinkers tend to move over a healthier lifestyle and are in groups which are less at risk to these diseases. It may be that there are certain chemicals that combat certain conditions, for example the antioxidant resveratrol which may reduce cholesterin and the risk of Alzheimers disease. These chemicals can, of course, be found in other food and drink without the damaging presence of alcohol.Improving Wine Making Then there is the development of the scientific study of the process of wine making, and the technology to improve it. There are many who would desire to depend on the natural processes of grapes and fermentation. Others have studied t he chemicals which make up wine, seeking to determine those that cause the flavour, aroma and appearance of wine so that these can be manipulated in the production process. This tension will continue as the desire to make money affects the love of natural processes.

Aristotle and Plato’s Concept of the Soul Essay Example for Free

Aristotle and Platos Concept of the person EssayMost individuals argon interested in knowing and taking into custody the various phenomena that exist among their midst. It could be as simple as looking for information as to why the sun rises and sets or it could involve very trivial matters that look at with things that is not seen by the naked eye. This is why the field of philosophy exists in order to investigate the minds of truth, existence, knowledge, and different subjects by means of logic and reason (Kemerling).In relation to this, many famous philosophers have their respective(prenominal) theories that tend to explain various matters. This could be exemplified by Aristotle and Platos ideas behind the existence of a soul. Aristotle wrote trey books of De Anima wherein he elaborated a alter array of philosophical and scientific topics. In Book II, Chapter 1 of De Anima, Aristotle made a sketch or outline of the nature of the soul. He explained the concept of the so ul by using a scientific perspective that uses elements of biology.In relation to this, he likewise employed the idea of metaphysics that tackled everything such as substance, form, matter, potentiality, and actuality. Aristotle perceived that the soul is united with the living body. As such, the existence of the soul is in addition dependent upon the host. He deems that the soul is made simply for the purpose of development, which can only happen if it is attached with a body or some kind of container in the physical world. In this sense, the soul is put on to exist as the form of the body.The importance of the soul is greatly dependent upon the body or a type of entity that gives life to it. Since the soul designates life, Aristotle believed that it is also present in every living thing, including plants and animals. He also elaborated that different entities have various versions of the soul. The soul of a human being is unique from others because it has the great power to hold rational beliefs and use reason. It is regarded as the higher level of soul while the lowest ones be those that are found in plants and animals.Moreover, Aristotles association of the soul to specific forms made the soul as the mover because it is the culmination of the various life forces (Davidson). On the other hand, Plato believes that the soul is made up of third basic energies, including reason, emotion, and appetite that are prudent in animating human beings. The energy of reason is regarded as having the greatest value, while emotion and most especially appetite are considered as the lower passions. former is responsible in governing the soul that controls the emotion and the appetite of an individual.In relation to this, Plato deems that the soul is great in living a moral life. He explained that morality is the cause of happiness, which motivates an immoral person to assoil righteously if he or she wants to be happy. Plato asserted that a happy person is a pra cticed person. Moreover, the psychic harmony of the soul is expressed in four cardinal virtues that are related to the one-third basic energies. In terms of reason, the just now person has wisdom or prudence. In relation to emotion, the just person has the virtue of courage.Lastly, when it comes to the energy of appetite, a just person has the value of temperance (Plato theory of the Soul). Aristotle and Platos respective theories of the soul have similarities in the sense that they both believe that the soul is responsible for the ability of human beings to think logically and rationally. Nevertheless, there are many differences in their concept of the soul. Since Aristotle employed the scientific topics in his theory, he perceived the soul as dependent upon the body. In relation to this, he also deemed that other living things have souls.On the contrary, Plato merely focused on the existence of human beings soul. He explained his idea of the soul in the light of morality rather than biology. Furthermore, Plato argued that the soul is influenced by out-of-door force in order to move, while Aristotle asserted that the soul is the mover itself because it is an assortment of life forces. The varying theories of Aristotle and Plato with regards to the soul only show that philosophers have different perspective and understanding in the pursuit of understanding various matters of an individuals existence.

The kite Runner Essay Example for Free

The kite Runner EssayThe Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini is a contain many readers might appreciate. The book inflicts turmoil of emotions and take into account readers in shock. The Kite Runner illustrates a weighty friendship and other relationships that make the story come alive. Readers testament appreciate the love, friendship and redemption. The characters are emeer, Hassan, Baba, Ali, Sohrab and Assef. amir is selfish, Hassan is loyal, Baba is brave, Ali is dutiful, and Assef is cruel. Amir is the protagonist of the book, Hassan is a servant in Amirs house. Hassan is loyal to Amir and Ali is another(prenominal) servant to Amir and Baba (Amirs dad). The reader gets a feel for the relationship between Amir and Hassan on page 34. Then he (Ali) would remind us that there was a brotherhood between tribe who had fed from the aforesaid(prenominal) breast, a kinship that not even time could break. Hassan and I fed from the same breasts. We took our start steps on the same lawn in the same yard. And, under the same roof, we spoke our first words. Mine was Baba. His was Amir. My name. The story is set in 1975 through 2001, Afghanistan and United States, specifically in Kabul and California.The signification of the Kabul, Afghanistan setting is that its when the Afghanistan monarchy is overthrown, through the Soviet military intervention and the rise of the Taliban regime. The significance of the settings shift from Kabul, Afghanistan to California, United States is that because the Soviet military intervenes in Afghanistan, Amir and Baba escape to Peshawar, Pakistan, and then to Fremont, California, where they settle in a run-down apartment Amir faces certain forces and pressures.Amir is having a self vs.self-problem, he has to finalize whether to go back to Kabul in order to get Sohrab (Hassans son) from an orphanage or leave him there. He meets these forces and pressures by deciding to go back to Kabul and save Sohrab from the dangerous city. You can put one across this early in the story on page 300. The tension rises when Amir makes it to Kabul. Amir notices that their signs of war and destroy villages. This might leave a reader feeling worried because readers might think that Amir will back down and not save Sohrab or that Amir will get hurt.The story climaxes when Amir goes to the orphanage, and finds tabu that Sohrab isnt there but was taken by a Taliban official. When Amir finds Sohrab, he finds out that Assef a childhood bully and who raped Hassan, has Sohrab in his house. Amir has to fight Assef, but Sohrab ends up parsimony Amir and himself by throwing a rock in Assefs eye with a slingshot. Dont hurt him anymore. repose it down. Please. Put it down Put it down Assef let go of my throat. Lunged at Sohrab. The slingshot made a thwit hold out when Sohrab released the cup.Then Assef was screaming. He put his hand where his left eye had been just a moment ago. The falling action ultimately resolves the conflic t. Amir finally takes Sohrab to the United states, where Amir raises Sohrab as his child. Its a self vs. self-type of conflict thats driving this story. Amir in the beginning is a selfless person and does things he regrets such as not saving Hassan from being raped and having Hassan having to leave his home. But by saving Sohrab, Hassans son and raising him, Amir finds a way to redeem himself.

Diversity Outline Essay Example for Free

Diversity Outline EssayStatement JP Morgan Chase bank is actually a sanitary respected multinational finance service provider having monetary assets numbering in the trillions of dollars. They give total results in 60 different countries and they are moving forward to grow.Sociology General SociologyLearning Team grant Equal Rights bid OutlineSelect a current genial issue related to the rights of ethnic or social groups.Research the subject and existing action plans designed to solve the issue.Develop a 1,050- to 1,500- word blanket(prenominal) outline of your proposition to promote equal rights. Be sure to include the pastimeThe issues, challenges, and opportunities experienced by this group in the labor forceHow society has constructed this groups identityThe legal fabric relating to this issueSummary of existing or proposed solutions of differing groups. Consider the U.S. Equal Employment probability Commission, corporate homosexual resource departments, state or federal laws and regulations, political strategies, government agencies, religious groups, and shutout roots organizations.Whether or not this issue exists in other countries, and if so, how it is handled by differing groupsYour teams compromise or election to existing solutionsOutline your proposition in Microsoft Word.Include at least tail fin academic references in your research.Format your outline consistent with APA guidelines.When it comes to succeeding in college, there are many an(prenominal) influential factors. In fact, even your plectrum of seat can make a difference. Try to ready a seat near the reckon of the lecture hall rather than one right following to the exit. You are more likely to confront engaged and can ask your professFor downloading more human body tutorials visit https//bitly.com/1xpzHSEWhen it comes to succeeding in college, there are many influential factors. In fact, even your choice of seat can make a difference. Try to score a seat near the f ront of the lecture hall rather than one right next to the exit. You are more likely to stay engaged and can ask your professor questions easily. Sociology General SociologyLearning Team Assignment Equal Rights Proposition OutlineSelect a current social issue related to the rights of ethnic or social groups.Research the subject and existing action plans designed to solve the issue.Develop a 1,050- to 1,500- word comprehensive outline of your proposition to promote equal rights. Be sure to include the followingThe issues, challenges, and opportunities experienced by this group in the labor forceHow society has constructed this groups identityThe legal framework relating to this issueSummary of existing or proposed solutions of differing groups. Consider the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, corporate human resource departments, state or federal laws and regulations, political strategies, government agencies, religious groups, and grass roots organizations.Whether or not this issue exists in other countries, and if so, how it is handled by differing groupsYour teams compromise or alternative to existing solutionsOutline your proposition in Microsoft Word.Include at least five academic references in your research.Format your outline consistent with APA guidelines.

Vietnam and Iraq Wars Essay Example for Free

Vietnam and Iraq struggles Es gradeAmerican involvement in Vietnam has root which preceded the actual deployment of troops, just as the current chapter of the Iraqi War has roots that reach, some would argue, at least as far back as the end of humanness War II. These two arenas, where America chose to enforce its foreign policy at gunpoint, have many similarities, though obviously they appear to be radically different. The two warfarefares began with two very different American presidents telling the voluminous Lie to the American people and their duly elected representatives, though there are subtle differences in how they came to be told. The Gulf of Tonkin Incident supposedly occurred when two American cruisers, operating within a fewer miles of the nitrogen Vietnamese coast are said to have come below fire by North Vietnamese gunboats. This fabricated incident led Congress to grant Johnson powers to prosecute the war. According to reports released under the Freedom of Information Act it is seriously doubtful as to whether such attacks actually occurred. The twenty-first vitamin C continuation of the Persian Gulf War of the 1990s began with an American president telling the American people and their duly elected representatives a nonher Big Lie.He said, while in possession of reports to the contrary, that the leader of Iraq had a messed weapons of mass destruction, meaning, it was assumed, either nuclear devices or chemical and/or biological weapons. He further stated, knowing it was not likely, that the Iraqi leader was involved in the attack on the twin towers of the World Trade Center. For their knowledge solid grounds, Lyndon Johnson and George Walker Bush both chose to obfuscate facts in furtherance of their political agenda. In Vietnam the American rubbish men never lost an engagement with the enemy.They won every battle, yet lost the war. Some say the war was lost in the streets of America, victim of bad publicity. The French had held the Vietnamese in colonial thraldom since the 19th century, and were only driven out by the Japanese in 1941. At the end of World War II the French decided that they had the right to return as feudal lords. The Viet Minh challenged this assertion, and in 1954, at the battle of Dien Bien Phu, they drove home their point. The French commander committed suicide before the garrison drip to the guerillas under command of the brilliant tactician, General Giap.France pulled out once again, but instead of letting Vietnam blend and hold elections, the U. N. partitioned it. This set the stage for North Vietnams president Ho Chi Min to beat to unify his nation by force, which the Americans inexplicably chose to challenge, culminating in Lyndon Johnson lying to get his war powers act through Congress. This war, which seemed to be the sole business of the Vietnamese people, became a quagmire to the Americans, and cost Johnson his presidency in the end. It brought shame and disrepute on the U nited States as Bushs Iraqi War has done in the 21st century.Bush lied to obtain the needed powers to wage a war in Iraq. The Iraq War began with Americans ceremonial occasion U. S. Military power raining destruction from the air on the people of Iraq. The American president screamed, contract it on to taunt the enemy, and after a short time landed on an American carrier wave ship, greeted by a banner proclaiming, Mission Accomplished. Unfortunately that was another deception. Now Iraq, like Vietnam, is a quagmire and Bush has no more of an exit strategy then did Lyndon Johnson. Of Vietnam, Pete Seeger, the folk singer sang, cannon deep in the big profound, and the big fool said to push on (Seeger 1967).The big muddy was, naturally, Vietnam, and the big fool giving the order to keep marching was Lyndon Johnson. Few march today in protest of an equally un-winnable war and no one but the loyal opposition calls Bush a big fool. Still the parents of America fatalities know that th eir sons and daughters are just as dead as those who died in Vietnam, for the same lame reasons, in wars justified by lies. In declassified documents released in late 2005, Robert Hanyok, a National Security Agency Historian said, that a second attack, on August 4, 1964, by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on U. S.ships, did not occur despite claims to the contrary by the Johnson administration (Prados 2004). Prados, a NSA archivist has said he believes it is vital to have this information come to light, saying that the Johnson Administration, used this claim to weather retaliatory air strikes (ibid). There are disturbing parallels between the lie concerning the Gulf of Tonkin Incident and the manipulated password used to justify the Iraqi War, according to the historian. It is only due to public pressure that the secret performance allowed the documents to be declassified some forty years after the fact.The Bush Administration did not demand the truth out for the obvious reason o f the comparisons that can be made to his untruths concerning Iraq. John W. Dean, former washrag House counsel to Richard Nixon, said in 2003, that, George W. Bush made a number of unequivocal statements about the reason the United States needed to pursue the most radical actions any nation can undertake acts of war against another nation. Now it is clear that many of his statements appear to be false (Dean 2003).Dean posed the rhetorical question of whether lying to start a war is an impeachable offense against a sitting U. S. President. It is only rhetorical because of the fact the lying chief executives party had sufficient control of the legislative starting time of government. The party apparently believed that lying about sex is impeachable but lying to start war is just presidential politics. Bush began a series of misstatements, obfuscations, diversions and lies beginning in 2002 as he began to beat his war drum across the United States.In speech after speech he made un quiet and wilder claims regarding the Iraqi weapons of mass destruction. Intelligence gathered by this and other governments leaves no doubt that the Iraq political science continues to possess and conceal some of the most lethal weapons ever devised (Bush, G. W. 2003). He even sent his deposit of Defense, Donald Rumsfeld, on the speech circuit, saying (Rumsfeld) personally knew where these weapons were located. They were never found. They never existed. It was all a lethal humbug foisted on America by the Bush/Cheney regime.It was argued that Vietnam was fought in defense of the Domino Theory. It has also been suggested that the Iraq War is macrocosm fought for the Haliburton Theory, in which American troops have seized Iraqi oil to increase the profits of an American throne under the control of the sitting vice-president. What is proven is that the Iraq War, like its predecessor, the Vietnam War, was begun with a Big Lie for which the liar has not been called to account. Intel ligence sources reports exposed each set of lies for what they are, yet neither Johnson nor Bush has been held accountable.ReferencesBush, G.W. Iraq Denial and Deception (speech) Mar. 17, 2003 Retrieved 5-10-08 Fromhttp//www.whitehouse.gov/ intelligence/releases/2003/03/20030317-7.htmlDean, J. 2003 Missing Weapons of Mass Destruction Retrieved 5- 11-08 fromhttp//writ.news.findlaw.com/dean/20030606.htmlPrados, J. 2004 Tonkin Gulf Intelligence Skewed Retrieved 5-10-08 From

First Generation Students and the Community College Essay Example for Free

First Generation Students and the connection College EssayEthnography EssayMy experience with people after-school(prenominal) the in social section as sound(p) as inner(a) the school has earned me the nickname experience amongst most of my friends. As a strong- headspringed student with a growth outlook, c atomic number 18taker individuality, and high value in the community, I flourish in relationships with people as well up as the experience I have gained in the school. I am constantly trying to be an example of those who are experienced love to those around me. This ram to improve my relationship with the school fraternity, as well as the international community, has sent me in many a(prenominal) contrasting directions done several kinds of school activities and volunteer opportunities. I think I inherited my caretaking b rareness from my godmother. My godmother has worked with several students for the past twenty immense time and finds great joy and purpose in t hese relationships. Centered on his passion, I am supposing the heavy(a) students in this school and others as well will be genuinely invested in their friends and community like my godmother. I have also experienced this devotion to caring in the leaders of one of my favorite activities either in the school environment and the home or foreign school communities.Activities unique to my college such as the involvement in sports as well as the interactions with other schools and motivations from the school authorities is an opportunity to form relationships among students in our building with special adaptability to the changing life both in school and the outside communities. The long periods of staying outside the school prepare the self-aggrandising students to deal with different challenges either mental or upbringingal collect to their experience with different scenarios or cases. Through actions like playing, word exchanges, and debates, we create bonds with all students outside of our mainstream statemental experience. When I commencement exercise joined school any(prenominal) years ago, I was initially intimidate by the activities of my friends. I felt my usual confidence slip into a store mode, a purport awkwardness in communication and uncomfort fit with silence. Conversely, after spending more time doing activities with these students, Ive observe their valuable hearts. Each student is welcoming and outwardly caring towards myself and the school staff, as well as the community, are privileged to have them. The with child(p) students I am aware of in the school are very honest with little to no filter. They speak their minds without thinking twice, allowing for a truly unvarnished relationship. found on these experiences, I am expecting the all the adult students, to be honest, and welcoming, and for our interactions to become natural with time. Through conversation with some of the adult students, Ive heard plenty of talk on several ide as as well as what they lead for the comfort both inside the school as well as outside the school. I know adaptability and experience in school include both respect to the authorities and an reliable mode of expression which must go hand in hand with the right morals and friendship. Luckily, I found out my friends, one of the adult students studying in this institution who have demonstrated a sense adaptability to many activities in life inside and outside the school. As e jump onr as I am to understand how the long stay outside the school and the experience to come back to the information institution feels, I am also curious to see how it impacts their psychological life through their interaction with the several challenges in life as well as their experience with other students.Over the years, the preparation trunk in many countries has been modified to go the erudition requirements of people in all long time groups. This is due to the increased rate of adults with the in creased desire to enhance their friendship through education. This process has modifyd many adults to embark in the search for chopines which offer educational opportunities to people who are elder than the required age group which is stipulated to be at different educational levels in the academic system of a devoted up country (Espie, Rod, Josie, 4). Therefore, to adapt to the learning environments at different levels of education, thither is the remove for those who are willing to issuing to school after years to prepare themselves both psychologically and emotionally in order to suit in the system. This will command that they develop characteristics and behaviors which enhance their relations with other students in the educational initiation and that the system will non compromise their time and beliefs in the process of acquiring the kind of education they desire.Adult students are normally encountered by different challenges due to the beliefs they have as well as t he psychological challenges they face as a result of the difference of their age come with by the misconceptions accompanied with adult education (Nahas et al, 43). Adults who desire to return to school normally think that they are too old to attend school. This myth discourages most adults with the motivation to create knowledge at an advanced age thereby leading to the individuals relent from the idea of returning to school. Other people gestate that it is too late for them to acquire education. This discourages many people to return to school thinking that it is too late for them to reap the benefits of the education at an elderly age (Espie, Rod, and Josie, 5). They believe that by the time they are done with acquiring education there will be no opportunities for them. The adult students are also challenged by the way they can beat the brace between the time they are going to be in school, work as well as the time to be with their families.Therefore, to ascertain that the educational system does not compromise the behavior of the adult students at the school as well as their actives which they undertake out of school, a special syllabus needs to be implemented in order to accommodate all kinds of adult students (Espie, Rod, and Josie, 2). This will ascertain that the system increases the self-esteem among the adult students and ensure that they do not feel discouraged in the process. This system should ensure that it entails reasonable goals which are attainable to ensure that the students are motivated all through the program (Nahas et al, 42). The process of attainment of the goals should be easy to follow and understandable. Continuous feedback should be enhanced so as to ensure that the students are continuously guided on how to undertake different activities. This will ensure that the errors do by the students are easily corrected by offering ex deviceations and demonstrations in case of technical activities. The learning strategy should inv olve appropriate evaluation processes which are goal oriented in order to enable the students to evaluate themselves as well as check their progress in the education system (McGrath, 110). Finally, the education system should provide incentives and undertake activities which enhance motivation to the students. This may include activities which are interesting to the students in order to enhance their memory capacity as well as make them enjoy existence in the system thus increasing their motivation to continue learning.Theentrancetotheschool isonly bring home the bacon afternavigating through the windyroads andnumerous adult education poster signs.The entrance provides a learning enabling environment that is abeted by the cooling collection of green trees.The environment provides a wonderful and a thrilling interest for anyone to feel the need to learn and achieve their goals in life. The intricate of the school is surrounded by different photos that give a hint to every visitor that the lieu is a learning institution. Thewalls of the classrooms arelinedwithmotivational posters,suchasonestating with different messages some indicating happy moments and others providing serious information of learning and praises to the school and the learning system as well. I did not expect a large, bare ground of prairie grasses next to me in an institution slopped down in the center. As I alighted the car, I walked onto freshly flagged tar which had clean, white space lines tinted on it. Walking in the direction of the school, I started noticing how quiet the institution grounds could make me feel as I looked at the freshly transplanted prairie grass plan-out swing softly by the influence of the wind. This stunned me, bearing in mind I may not habitually feel that calmness upon arriving in an archetypal institution beca part of the flutter originating from the students playing at bay. Then it happened to me that there were adult students making plays on a huge, exciting playfield on board the school, although the status of anarchy originating from it was low. I later came to comprehension that calmer than the majority of city schools and was well-funded because of the costly concourse facilities.The first adult student to interview was a gentleman who appeared very happy and composed as he answered various questions from me. He said that it is better for him to be at school at this time than he would have been some years back as a materializationer student. Further, the student mentioned that he was stamp more confident because it was his personal choice to learn at this time. The fact that learning at an adult age is through volunteering, is crucial in allowing adults strongly involve themselves in the learning process because they need they are highly motivated. The personal decision to attend the learning institution is a major drive for the student to learn as well as feel comfortable in learning different thought-provoking approaches to lif e. I learned that the fact the adult students have stayed for long days is an advantage for them to use their abilities to learn to link their experience with any new challenge. The student also said that there is a skin senses of self-direction which makes the adults students have a good control of their learning. The control and monitory of their progress in learning involve self-assessment as well as the good relationship with the instructors and other students or the outside community. He further said that the students may be reluctant to change due to a feeling that they are mature and experienced. Slower learning was also evident through more intensive than before. collectable to many responsibilities that adult students need a good amount of personal life which makes them busy in many hours of their time. The responsibilities and interactions with different communities as well as individuals allow the adult students to adapt to life in the learning institutions and elsewher e.It had been some minutes as I stood at a window of a class observing how Susan was interacting with the other young students during as they were cosmos taught. Everyone seemed cool to see her busy listening to the handler as the lesson went by. Everybody seemed busy in the class all trying their best to understand the concept being taught by the teacher. From time to time, the teacher would ask the students randomly and answers were provided and the teacher would continue with the teaching. When it came to the turn for Susan to answer the given question was asked by the tutor, the other students would look at her and listen keenly if she would make any errors in the process of providing an answer to the question asked. When she make an error in answering the question, the other students would laugh at her. The teacher would then oppose order to the class and then elaborate the solution to the problem asked and ensure that Susan has understood the concept in question then procee d to the next concept.During break time I met with Susan to understand how she feels in the learning environment where she was different from the majority of her colleagues. It is fun to be around this note, she answered with a smile on her face. I feel great when I undergo different challenges in the process of learning. It makes me feel proud because it is a great opportunity for someone like me to acquire the knowledge required to survive in this in this environment with a lot of learned people. Happiness could be seen on her face. She seemed adapted to the environment and she was determined to learn at all costs no theme the challenges involved in the process. On the question of how she viewed the teaching system in the institution, she was satisfied with the procedure. The teachers are cool, they cover all the students equally and are keen to ensure that everyone has understood the concept taught, Susan stated. The environment was cool to her and she was not bothered by the way other students viewed her.I was greatly concerned about how Susan was able to balance her time concerning her daily routines as well as her income-generating activities. I was eager to know how she was able to maintain her tight schedule during the day. It requires a lot of dedication to achieve a given goal she claimed, I normally plan all the activities that I am doing the following day in advance to ensure that no activity will collide with another. She added that she undertakes part-time jobs which she undertakes after school so as to support herself financially. Susan claimed that the support she gets from her family and friends is what keeps her moving. The determination she had in acquiring the knowledge enabled her to focus on the learning process. I made up my mind long before I decided to come back to school, I believe it is through education that I will be able to improve my living standards, she concluded as I eagerly listened to why she was so determined to learn. I was excited by the way Susan was able to merge her family life, work as well as find time to undertake her education program which was somehow demanding. This enabled me to understand the different challenges faced by adult students and how they managed to push through such a challenging environment in the search for knowledge and skills.Althoughsomepeoplemayviewadult students as an inefficient and a struggling way to learn, the adult students have a good play to learn and achieve several objectives due to the facts that they are highly motivated. The adult students havetaughtmetheneed of havingmotivation, teamwork, compassion, decelerationdown,andbeingintentionalin relationships. The adult students have a high chance of succeeding and act in learning more than normal students because of their duty and debt instrument to spread kindness and knowledge throughtheirownlivesandthelivesofthosearoundthem.Astheadult students have treated me,their actions are indicative of their good b ehavior and evidence of success in their education and adaptability as well as experience in life. later spending some time in studying the adult students sub-culture, I have learned that I have some similarities with some of the practices in that culture such as the ability to access oneself and plan for one progress. I always have a means of evaluating my progress towards the achievement of my objectives and take responsibility for ensuring I perform everything to my great potential. There are high collaboration and team among the adult students due to their need to succeed I life. As times goes many people will realize the need for the adult education and feel proud to join it.Works CitedEspie, Rod, and Josie Viola. A Place for Political Literacy in Adult Education. ARIS Resources Bulletin 10.3 (1999) 1-4.McGrath, Valerie. Reviewing the Evidence on How Adult Students Learn An Examination of Knowles Model of Andragogy. Adult learner The Irish Journal of Adult and Community Educa tion 99 (2009) 110.Nahas, Markus V., Bernie Goldfine, and Mitchell A. Collins. Determinants of physical activity in adolescents and young adults The basis of high school and college physical education to promote active lifestyles. Physical Educator 60.1 (2003) 42.

Industrial Development and Western Expansion’s Effect on US Farmers Essay Example for Free

Industrial discipline and Western Expansions Effect on US Farmers EssayTrue, the United States of Americas surge in industrial development and western expansion were indeed crucial factors that led to protests by farmers. This is evidenced by many different events that occurred during the time when industrialization was most in focus in the United States. This onset of industrial boom occurred some time between the 18th century and the twentieth century. The fist thing that should be tackled here in order for one to understand the truth arse the initial statement of this essay is the Western United States. This refers to the westward expansion of the United States. Because of the necessary for much land, the rich prairie lands of the west proved to be a lucrative source for larger areas of development. Many chose to wage a life in the west and resided there. Americas expansion towards its west allowed more than cd million acres of free land to be utilized for whatever purpo ses could be thought of by its revolutionary owners. This had numerous implications for the American citizen, most especially to the American farmer. Land became available in masses over night.However, despite this availability, farmers and farm labor fall downd by at least 30% during this stage. This decrease in production may have been due to the increase in individuals who could provide satisfaction to the securities industrys demand for agricultural products. Thus greater production also led to lower cost for the said products on the agricultural market. Farmers put together themselves unable to compete with this change. The industrial development which had already begun at that time also contributed to this. Farmers found themselves unable to deal with industrialization.The industrialization of the agricultural industry meant new innovations, new machines. Some of these innovations included railroads which allowed the harvested agricultural products to reach the market mor e quickly. Other innovations such as the refrigerator allowed for preservation of the produce. Farm yields now reached more distant places but could also now be graceful in factories to last longer. This meant that the farmers were up against a major competitor in the food industry, markets and globalization.Local family farms found themselves unable to keep up with the tide of new instruments. Although machines were available for them to work more efficiently such as the reaper, the steal plow, and the harvester, these were not equal for the greater capabilities of factories and national manufacturers. The marginalization of the individual farmer in the face of westward expansion and industrial development brought much distress and discontent. Protests were held and many voiced their defeat at the economical change that seemed to have happened over night.Farmer organizations such as The Grange and Farmers Alliance were established. These worked to demand regulations, protective tariffs, trade policies, conservative monetary policies and the like. It is clear from the evidence given that westward expansion and industrial development truly were factors in the protests of farmers. Whether these two issues proved to have good results in the long running is a different matter. It is sufficient to say that these caused much discontent in farmers at the time enough so that they rose in protest.ReferencesCowan, Ruth Schwartz (1997) A Social History of American Technology, New York Oxford University imperativeness Hindle, B. Lubar, S. (1986) Engines of change the American industrial revolution, Washington Smithsonian Institution Press Meyer, D. (1989). Midwestern industrialization and the american manufacturing smash-up in the ineteenth century. The Journal of Economic History, 49(4), 921-937 Shannon, F. (1950). The status of the midwestern farmer in 1900. The Mississippi Valley historic Review, 37(3), 491-510

Direct Marketing Essay Example for Free

c all in all Marketing EssayDirect merchandise is a channel-agnostic figure of speech of advertise that allows businesses and nonprofits organizations to communicate straight to the node, with publicizing techniques that can include Cell Phone textbook messaging, e chain mail, interactive consumer websites, online display ads, fliers, catalog dissemination, promotional letters, and outdoor advertize. Direct merchandise inwardnesss emphasize a centralize on the guest, data, and accountability. Characteristics that distinguish mastermind trade be 1. Marketing kernels are addressed at once to the customer and/or customers. Direct merchandising relies on being able to address the members of a target market. Addressability comes in a variety of forms including email addresses, liquid phone represss, Web browser cookies, fax returns and postal addresses.2. Direct merchandise seeks to drive a specific call to action. For example, an advertisement may ask the fa cet to call a freephone number or click on a link to a website. 3. Direct marketing emphasizes trackable, measurable results from customers regardless of medium. Direct marketing is practiced by businesses of all sizes from the smallest start-up to the leaders on the Fortune 500. A well-executed direct publicizing driveway can prove a positive bring back on investment by showing how numerous potential customers responded to a clear call-to-action. General advertising eschews calls-for-action in favor of messages that try to build prospects emotional awareness or engagement with a brand. notwithstanding well-designed general advertisements rarely can prove their impact on the organizations bottom line.A recent study by the Direct Marketing Association reports that in 2010, vendors commercial and nonprofit pass $153.3 billion on direct marketing, which accounted for 54.2% of all ad expenditures in the United States. Measured against total US sales, these advertising expend itures generated approximately $1.798 trillion in incremental sales. In 2010, direct marketing accounted for 8.3% of total US gross domestic product. Also in 2010, there were 1.4 million direct marketing employees in the US. Their embodied sales efforts directly supported 8.4 million early(a) jobs, accounting for a total of 9.8 million US jobs.Direct marketing is attractive to many marketers beca theatrical role its positive results can be measured directly. For example, if a marketer sends out 1,000 solicitations by mail and 100 respond to the promotion, the marketer can say with confidence that campaign led directly to 10% direct receptions. This metric is known as the response rate, and it is one of many clearly quantifiable success metrics employed by direct marketers. In contrast, general advertising uses indirect measurements, such as awareness or engagement, since there is no direct response from a consumer. Measurement of results is a fundamental element in successful dir ect marketing.The Internet has made it easier for marketing managers to measure the results of a campaign. This is often achieved by using a specific website landing page directly relating to the promotional material. A call to action will ask the customer to visit the landing page, and the durability of the campaign can be measured by taking the number of promotional messages distributed (e.g., 1,000) and dividing it by the number of responses (people visiting the crotchety website page). Another way to measure the results is to compare the projected sales or generated leads for a given term with the actual sales or leads after a direct advertising campaign. magical spell many marketers recognize the financial benefits of increasing targeted awareness, some direct marketing efforts using particular media bedevil been criticized for generating poor quality leads, either due to poor message strategy or because of poorly compiled demographic databases. This poses a problem for mark eters and consumers alike, as advertisers do not wish to waste money on communication with consumers not interested in their products. Some of these concerns rich someone been addressed by direct marketers by the use of individual opt-out lists, variable printing, and better-targeted list practices. Additionally, in order to avoid abdicable mailings, members of the marketing industry stimulate established preference supporters that give customers more control everyplace the marketing communications they pick up in the mail. The term junk mail, referring to unsolicited commercial ads delivered via post office or directly deposited in consumers mail boxes, can be traced back to 1954.The term spam, meaning unsolicited commercial e-mail, can be traced back to March 31, 1993, although in its beginning few months it merely referred to inadvertently posting a message so many times on UseNet that the repetitions effectively drowned out the normal flow of conversation. To address th e concerns of unwanted emails or spam, in 2003, The US Congress enacted the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing (CAN-SPAM) Act to seize unwanted email messages. Can-Spam gives recipients the ability to stop unwanted emails, and set out tough penalties for violations. Additionally, ISPs and email service providers cede developed increasingly effective Email Filtering programs. These filters can interfere with the delivery of email marketing campaigns, even if the person has subscribed to find them, as legitimate email marketing can occupy the same hallmarks as spam.There are a range of email service providers that provide go for legitimate opt-in emailers to avoid being classified as spam. Consumers have expressed concerns about the privacy and environmental implications of direct marketing. In response to consumer demand and increasing business pressure to increase the effectiveness of scope the right customer with direct marketing, companies spe cialize in targeted direct advertising to great effect, reducing advertising budget waste and increasing the effectiveness of delivering a marketing message with better geo-demography information, delivering the advertising message to only the customers interested in the product, service, or event on offer. Additionally, members of the advertising industry have been workings to adopt stricter codes regarding online targeted advertising.Any medium that can be used to deliver a communication to a customer can be employed in direct marketing, includingEmail MarketingSending marketing messages through email or Emailmarketing is one of the most widely used direct-marketing methods. One reason for email marketings stamp outularity is that it is relatively inexpensive to design, test, and send an email message. It also allows marketers to deliver messages around the clock, and to accurately measure responses.Online ToolsWith the intricacy of digital engine room and tools, direct market ing is increasingly taking place through online channels. Most online advertising is delivered to a focused group of customers and has a trackable response. * Display Ads are interactive ads that appear on the Web next to content on Web pages or Web services. Formats include static wafts, pop ups, videos, and floating units. Customers can click on the ad to respond directly to the message or to visit more detailed information. According to re count by eMarketer, expenditures on online display ads rose 24.5% between 2010 and 2011.* essay 49% of US spending on Internet ads goes to try, in which advertisers pay for prominent placement among listings in search engines whenever a potential customer enters a relevant search term, allowing ads to be delivered to customers ground upon their already-indicated search criteria.This paid placement industry generates more than $10 billion dollars for search companies. Marketers also use search engine optimization to drive traffic to their s ites. * Social Media Sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, also provide opportunities for direct marketers to communicate directly with customers by creating content to which customers can respond.MobileThrough mobile marketing, marketers engage with prospective customers and donors in an interactive manner through a mobile device or network, such as a cellphone, smartphone, or tablet. Types of mobile marketing messages include SMS ( unequal message service) marketing communications are displace in the form of text messages, also known as texting. MMS (multi-media message service) These messages use elements such as images, video, and audio Mobile Applications Smartphone-based mobile apps contain several types of messages. disturb Notifications are direct messages move to a user either automatically or as part of a campaign.They include transactional, marketing, geo-based, and more. Rich Push Notifications are full HTML Push Notifications. Mobile apps also contain Interactive ad s that appear interior the mobile application or app Location-Based Marketing marketing messages delivered directly to a mobile device based on the users location QR Codes (quick-response barcodes) This is a type of 2D barcode with an encoded link that can be accessed from a smartphone. This technology is increasingly being used for everything from special offers to product information. Mobile Banner Ads Like standard banner ads for desktop Web pages but smaller to fit on mobile screens and run on the mobile content networkDirect MailThe term direct mail is used to refer to communications sent to potential customers or donors via the postal service and other delivery services. Direct mail is sent to customers based on criteria such as age, income, location, profession, buying pattern, etc. Direct mail includes advertising circulars, catalogs, free-trial CDs, pre-approved cite card applications, and other unsolicited merchandising invitations delivered by mail to homes and business es. Bulk mailings are a specially popular method of promotion for businesses operating in the financial services, home computer, and travel and tourism industries. In many developed countries, direct mail represents such a significant amount of the total tawdriness of mail that special rate classes have been established. In the United States and United Kingdom, for example, there are heap mail rates that enable marketers to send mail at rates that are substantially glower than regular first-class rates.In order to qualify for these rates, marketers must format and sort the mail in particular ways which reduces the handling (and therefore costs) required by the postal service. In the US, marketers send over 90 billion pieces of direct mail per year. Advertisers often refine direct mail practices into targeted mailing, in which mail is sent out following database analysis to select recipients considered most likely to respond positively. For example, a person who has demonstrated an interest in golf may receive direct mail for golf-related products or mayhap for goods and services that are appropriate for golfers. This use of database analysis is a type of database marketing. The United States Postal assistant calls this form of mail advertising mail (admail for short).TelemarketingAnother unwashed form of direct marketing is telemarketing, in which marketers contact customers by phone. The primary benefit to businesses is increased lead generation, which helps businesses increase sales quite a little and customer base. The most successful telemarketing service providers focus on generating more qualified leads that have a higher probability of getting converted into actual sales. The National Do Not surround Registry was created in 2003 to offer consumers a choice whether to receive telemarketing calls at home.The FTC created the National Do Not Call Registry after a comprehensive review of the Telemarketing Sales chemical formula (TSR). The do-not-ca ll provisions of the TSR cover any plan, program, or campaign to sell goods or services through interstate highway phone calls. The provisions do not cover calls from political organizations, charities, telephone surveyors, or companies with which a customer has an existing business relationship. Canada has its own National Do Not Call List (DNCL). In other countries it is voluntary, such as the New Zealand Name Removal Service.Voicemail MarketingVoicemail marketing emerged out of the market prevalence of personal voice mailboxes, and business voicemail systems. Voicemail marketing presented a cost effective means by which to choke people directly, by voice. Abuse of consumer marketing applications of voicemail marketing resulted in an abundance of voice-spam, and prompted many jurisdictions to pass laws regularization consumer voicemail marketing. More recently, businesses have utilized guided voicemail (an application where pre-recorded voicemails are guided by live callers) t o bring through personalized business-to-business marketing formerly reserved for telemarketing. Because guided voicemail is used to contact only businesses, it is exempt from Do Not Call regulations in place for other forms of voicemail marketing. Voicemail courier is a similar form of voicemail marketing with both business-to-business and business-to-consumer applications.Broadcast FaxingBroadcast faxing, in which faxes are sent to multiple recipients, is now less common than in the past. This is partly due to laws in the United States and elsewhere which regulate its use for consumer marketing. In 2005, death chair Bush signed into law S. 714, the Junk Fax Prevention Act of 2005 (JFPA), which allows marketers to send commercial faxes to those with whom they have an established business relationship (EBR), but imposes some new requirements. These requirements include providing an opt-out notice on the first page of faxes and establishing a system to accept opt-outs at any time o f the day. Fax senders must begin complying with these new requirements, which are described in this fact sheet. Roughly 2% of direct marketers use fax, generally for business-to-business marketing campaigns.16 Also, due to the popularity of a variety of digital communication methods, the overall use of faxes is less than in the past.CouponingCouponing is used in print and digital media to elicit a response from the reader. An example is a coupon which the reader receives through the mail and takes to a stores check-out counter to receive a discount.Digital Coupons Manufacturers and retailers make coupons obtainable online for electronic orders that can be downloaded and printed. Digital coupons are available on company websites, social media outlets, texts, and email alerts. There are an increasing number of mobile phone applications offering digital coupons for direct use. occasional Deal Sites offer local anaesthetic and online deals each day, and are becoming increasingly p opular. Customers sign up to receive notice of discounts and offers, which are sent daily by email. Purchases are often made using a special coupon code or promotional code. The largest of these sites, Groupon, has over 83 million subscribers.Direct rejoinder TVDirect marketing via television (commonly referred to as DRTV) has two basic forms long form (usually half-hour or hour-long segments that explain a product in detail and are commonly referred to as infomercials) and short form, which refers to typical 30-second or 60-second commercials that ask viewers for an immediate response (typically to call a phone number on screen or go to a website). TV-response marketing i.e. infomercials can be considered a form of direct marketing, since responses are in the form of calls to telephone numbers given on-air. This allows marketers to reasonably conclude that the calls are due to a particular campaign, and enables them to obtain customers phone numbers as targets for telemarketing. One of the most famous DRTV commercials was for Ginsu Knives by Ginsu Products, Inc. of RI. Several aspects of ad, such as its use of adding items to the offer and the guarantee of satisfaction were much copied, and came to be considered part of the formula for success with short-form direct-response TV ads (DRTV)Direct Response RadioIn direct response radio, ads contain a call to action with a specific tracking mechanism. Often, this tracking mechanism is a call now prompt with a toll-free phone number or a unique Web URL. Results of the ad can be tracked in terms of calls, orders, customers, leads, sales, revenue, and profits that result from the respiration of those ads.Insert MediaAnother form of direct marketing, insert media are marketing materials that are inserted into other communications, such as a catalog, newspaper, magazine, package, or bill. Coop or shared mail, where marketing offers from several companies are delivered via a single envelope, is also considered ins ert media.Out-of-HomeOut of home direct marketing refers to a wide part of media designed to reach the consumer outside the home, including transit, bus shelters, bus benches, aerials, airports, in-flight, in-store, movies, college campus/high schools, hotels, shopping malls, sport facilities, stadiums, taxis that contain a call-to-action for the customer to respond.Direct Response Magazines and NewspapersMagazine and newspaper ads often include a direct response call-to-action, such as a toll-free number, a coupon redeemable at a brick-and-mortar store, or a QR code that can be scanned by a mobile device these methods are all forms of direct marketing, because they elicit a direct and measurable action from the customer.Direct SellingDirect change is the sale of products by face-to-face contact with the customer, either by having salespeople approach potential customers in person, or through indirect means such as Tupperware parties.Grassroots/Community MarketingThe door-to-doo r distribution of flyers and leaflets within a local community is a business-to-consumer form of direct marketing used extensively by restaurants, fast food companies, and many other business focusing on a local catchment. Similar to direct mail marketing, this method is targeted purely by area and community, and costs a cipher of the amount of a mailshot, since it is not necessary to purchase stamps, envelopes, or address lists with the names of home occupants.

Nature versus nurture Essay Example for Free

Nature versus get EssayIn the field of psychology there is a large controversy on whether spirit or arouse affect who we are or who we will become. Those who favor nature will reason that our intelligence, personality traits and capacity to achieve goals are largely influenced by genetics. On the other side, people who cast forward the idea of nurture will say that it is the environment we live in that shapes who we become. According to behind Watson, a strong psychologist who proposed environmental learning as a dominating side, he can be able to train a baby randomly chosen in a group of 12 infants, to become any type of specialist he wants. As of now, we know that both nature and nurture play important parts in molding an individual however, environmental featureors are the real origins of our behavior. there are many causes that can be given to support Watsons behavioristic views and theories. For instance, identical match have very remarkable similarities however w hen raised in two completely different environments, for example how accessible resources are to each of them, private school versus public school, cause several differences in the modal value they think and behave.Also, how well a parent takes care of his baby bird and how safe the environment surrounding the family is, affects the childs behavior and decision-making skills. Also, often children who have been raised in a stable and safe environment, with gobs of affection from their parents will have a better chance at handling situations and adapting faster to forceful changes than a child who lacked affection and sense of comfort throughout his whole life. In the end, it is a fact that we have traits that are predetermined by our genes, but we can still choose who we want to be through our lifetime by controlling the environment that surrounds each of us.

Warehouse Management Essay Example for Free

store Management Essay compendium The study presented here considers ar roll outment and management policies to advance the holy order cream procedure in the exist company fund store. The study was conducted in a timber goods growthion and work company. The main objective was to sign the oerall cream snip that is quite high due to the lack of proper management and the genius of the stored incidents. The frontmost stage was to register the situation in the warehouse. The second stage involved the analytic thinking of the obtained data, to attain promising modifications and quantify the benefits of adopting them. The proposed modifications were based on policies and methodologies suggested in the literature. After the company sanction and implemented ( most of) the proposed modifications, the net stage was to measure and analyse the achieved improvements. Keywords warehousing, case study, facility lay erupt, order excerption season1. INTRODUCTION guild opt ion (OP) appears as single of the most significant activities in a warehouse. The selection tasks may kick in by over 65% in the warehouse operating cost. In fact, the recuperation cost exceeds by far the entrepot cost of any effrontery item (Coyle et al., 1996). The factors affecting the efficiency of OP typically overwhelm the product demand, the warehouse layout, the kettle of fish of the items, the woof method in combination with the routing methods, the experience of the employees, and the extent of automation (Gattorna, 1997). Note that the high cost associated with the automation of the procedure forces the majority of companies to use manual cognitive process, rough-cutly at the expense of efficiency and duration. The case study is carried out in a timber goods production and trading company.We consider mavin of the existing warehouse facilities and we attempt to improve its performance. The performance measure is the perfect picking clock, so our objective i s to find ways to subject it as much as it is practically mathematical and desirable. At the first stage involves the collection of snip data, to target the improvement that may be staring(a) from the transition from a goodly disorderly situation to an organized and controlled warehouse environment. The second stage suggests, implements and studies secondary retentivity, picking and routing schemes, according to observations made during the first stage. During the tertiary stage, a second series of time measurings is carried out to investigate the achieved benefits.2. REVIEW OF WAREHOUSE POLICIES RELATED TO ORDER PICKING There is a variety of studies on methods, policies, principles and/or techniques developed to improve the general OP procedure. The decisions usually concern policies for the picking of the product items, the routing of the selector transfers in the warehouse, and the store schemes for the products in the warehouse. The research scope has been to inves tigate the effect of changes in these policies on the step- down pat(p) of the overall OP costs and the plus of percent savings. Petersen and Gerald (2003) was the first to attempt a simultaneous military rating of all the three policies, whereas the usual practice is to consider them separately.2.1. Picking policies In terms of the picking policies, Ackerman (1990) divided OP into stringent, batch and regularize picking and proposed policies tailored to each case. In strict picking, a single order is assigned during a picking tour, leading to lower service times and higher customer satisfaction. The constitution is ideal when the group of the picking products is quite fine and smooth to be found. Drawbacks of the policy entangle an increase in the overall transit time and a cost penalty. Alternatively, the batch picking policy assigns to a picker more than one orders during a picking tour (Gibson and Sharp, 1992 De Coster et al., 1999 Petersen, 2000). The batch scheme may bring significant reduction on the aggregate picking time, but introduces an additional cost for monitoring and separating the orders at a later stage. geographical zone picking assigns a picker to a designated picking zone, where the picker is responsible for those products that are in his/her zone of the warehouse. This scheme decreases the chances for destructions and mistakes, but a possible delay in a zone is a doorstep for the entire picking procedure for a big order.Frazelle and Apple (1994) further divided zone picking into sequential zone, batch zone and wave OP. Petersen (2000) suggested that in the sequential zone scheme the order right is maintained, in batch zone the orders are batched together and each picker collects the products within a zone, and in wave picking a group of orders is programmed in precise time period. 2.2. Routing policies Routing policies suggest the route for a picking tour and the picking sequence of the items on the pick list. The suggestion s are based on decision-making tech zero(prenominal)ogies that range from guileless heuristic programs to mathematical optimization procedures. Using mathematical programming shafts Ratliff and Rosenthal (1983) found that optimal routing come downd the blend time, but the optimal routes were quite confusing routes and difficult to implement in practice.Hall (1993) and Petersen and Schmenner (1999) examined the efficiency of heuristic routing in minimizing the distance drop deaded by the picker. In practice, many warehouses use the transom policy, where the picker must(prenominal) pass through the entire aisle and in order to collect the items. Petersen (1997) and Roodbergen and Koster (2001) examined the possibility of combined traversal and return routes to reduce further the travel distance. 2.3 Storage policies Storage policies remain the least investigated among the three policy categories. Random memory board is the most widely use option, and Schwarz et al. (1978) exa mined its performance. Petersen and Aase (2003) claimed that random storage is by far the simplest option and requires less space compared to the more sophisticated storage policies.The simplest structured-storage schemes apply class-based and/or demandbased policies in the arrangement of the products. In class-based storage the products are classified, and items of each class are place within the same state of the warehouse. In demand (or volume) based storage the products are stored according to their demand (or their size) cuddle the Pick-up / Drop-off repoint (P/D). Jarvis and Mc Dowell (1991) suggested that the optimal storage strategy is to place the items with great demand in the aisle, thus reduce the travel time. Gibson and Sharp (1992) and Gray et al. (1992) stated that locating high volume items near to the P/D point increased the picking efficiency. Petersen and Schmenner (1999) examined the volume-based storage policies and concluded that the method resulted to less time compared to other storage policies.Eynan and Rosenblatt (1994) claimed that the class-based storage require less data processing and yielded similar saving with volume-based storage. Tompkins and Smith (1998) suggested that the overall picking time could be reduced applying the Pareto principle on the storage arrangement. In a warehouse, a relatively pocket-size number of products constitutes the largest part of the stock and floors for the largest part of the dispatches of the warehouse. Consequently, if high demand items are placed in near distance and grouped into classes, then picking time can be significantly reduced. The former is easy to apply by allocating a number of the motility area loads to items of high demand or leftovers.In terms of more sophisticated storage options, Ven den Berg (1999) suggested a separation of the warehouse into a forward and a reserve area. The forward area was for order picking, while the reserve area was used for replenishing the forw ard area. The variety of different methods and techniques makes it difficult to identify the most appropriate policy to increase the overall performance of the picking activity. The decision on the appropriate principles and policies to be applied depends on the characteristics of the particular(a) musical arrangement, i.e. product and warehouse. By reducing the non-productive elements during OP, Gattorna (1997) presented a set of basic and general productivity improvement principles.3. description OF THE STUDIED WAREHOUSE INITIAL SITUATION The company considered here deals with wood production and trading, and uses 6 warehouses for the unblemished products. Each warehouse is further divided into individual sections where different categories of products are stored. Panels, i.e. sheets of compressed wood (chipboard) account for 80% of the total product sales of the company. The panels are covered with coloured melamine to imitate the air of various types of wood. The panel war ehouse has over 6000 codes of stored products, distributed into 4 individual sections. The study considers one of these sections, where the number of codes is somewhat 1000. The most frequent values for the size of the panels is 3.661.83m, and the thickness is between 6cm and 25cm.Instead of using shelves, the products are piled one on top of the other using small chocks between the packages. Great attention is paid to the alignment of the items in each pile, to avoid sheet warping. Warping can intimately occur due to the small thickness of the packages and the large load they take. The studied warehouse section consists of three part two of them endure 12 front piles each and the third part has 6 front piles (Figure 1). The piles are 7m high and the products are stored in up to 4 depths of pile levels. The main aisle is used by the clarks to gain access to the front piles. The aisle is wide enough to allow the clarks to remove the items of the front piles and to retrieve items stored in the deeper levels. Each part of the section ingests different groups of products.Customer orders are amass by the Sales Department and sent to the Traffic delegacy on daily basis. The loading plans contain information on the order items and their quantities, the customer placing the order, and the requested mode of loading on the lorry. In the blood of a day, the Traffic Office prepares over 25 order plans. The plans are usually collected and firm at the same time. Initially, the warehouse suffered from many problems that mainly affected the search and retrieval times. The picking followed the strict OP policy. Each pair of pickers (an operator and an assistant) undertook a single order-plan at the time. Orders from other plans were collected once the pickers realised their current plan, even if this required revisiting the same areas of the warehouse. There was no automated or optimal routing system used here, and the choice of an efficient route remained on the e xperience of the picker.The grouping of the products in the section parts was based on the type of their surface (e.g. porous or smooth), regardless of the kind of wood. This was the only storage rule, and then the items were stored promiscuously in the section parts. Tracing a product was relying on the experience of the warehouse managers and the memory of the pickers. From the point of management the process depended on the experience of the personnel, while even a simple WMS version was certain to improve the situation. Once the location of an item was specified, the retrieval time was affected by the size/weight of the products, and the mode of storage. For instance, if the ordered product was located on the second, third or quarter depth of pile levels, many items had to be removed until the product was finally retrieved. Then, the removed items had to be placed back to their authoritative locations.4. MEASUREMENTS AND PROPOSED MODIFICATIONS The time measurements were carri ed out twice. The first measurement (stage 1) presented the initial anarchous situation of the system (see segmentation 3). The second measurement (stage 3) showed the effect of the improvements suggested by the authors and adopted by the company. The picking procedure is divided into quad phases, and the time measurements concern the 1. the travel time required for the picker to reach the pick point, 2. the search time required for the products to be found, 3. the retrieval time required for the products to be retrieved, and 4. the return time required for the picker to transport the products to the order point. Each time measurement considered 15 order plans selected by the Traffic Office of the company in collaboration with the authors.The selected plans were representative and included a large number of products, so that the analysis of the obtained time schedules yields reasonable and reliable conclusions. The number of orders in the studied plans ranged from 5 to 17 per plan . To allow simile between the picking times measured for items of different size, the results are presented as the measured time over the volume of the respective item, namely in minutes per cubic meter. 4.1. Stage 1 Results of the 1ST measurement series The results of the 1st measurement series are reported on Table 1. The time required to complete the picking cycle is 5.69 min/m3. In terms of the itemized times for travel, search, retrieval and return, we observe that purpose and retrieving the products are the most time-consuming procedures.The search time is around 36% (2.05 min/m3) of the total OP time. The voice is quite high and reveals the neediness for an automated system to control and monitor the placement of the stock. Tracing the products becomes an exceedingly difficult and demanding procedure relaying mainly on the experience of the operator and the assistant. Many years of work in this particular position and the ability to locate the items using visual contact are decisive factors. In many cases, finding an item quickly is merely a matter of coincidence or luck. Our results include cases where locating a stocked product took over 45 minutes of searching and the product last failed to reach the customer on time.Table 1 Final results obtained during the 1st and the 2nd measurementsPhases Travel time Search time Retrieval time Return time Travel return times essential1ST measurement before modifications t1 (minutes) % total 0.51 9.0 2.05 36.0 2.50 43.9 0.63 11.1 1.14 5.69 20.0 100.2ST measurement after modifications t2 (minutes) % total 0.33 11.5 0.37 12.9 1.73 60.5 0.43 15.0 0.76 2.86 26.6 100.Relative time reduction (t1-t2) / t1 % 35.3 82.0 30.8 31.7 33.3 49.7The retrieval time is around 44% (2.50 min/m3) of the total OP time. Most of this time is spent on removing products in the front levels until the desired item comes to surface. The multiple storage depths combined with the surface type-based storage makes retrieval the most time-c onsuming procedure. Note that the initial choice of storage policies was based upon empirical criteria since, without a systematic measurement and consideration of the real system. Typically, the travel and return times account for over half of the total OP time (Tompkins, 1998), and most of the research work in increasing the efficiency of OP has focussed on the assumption. This does non apply to the problem considered here, where the retrieval times are considerably higher due to the nature of the products. back up by the results of Stage 1, the retrieval times can be reduced by rearranging the warehouse and applying storage principles as discussed in Section 2. 4.2. Stage 2 Proposed and implemented modifications The scope here is to reduce the time spent to reach the picking area and the packaging point.Based on the analysis of the first measurements the sideline were suggested to the company. Introduction of a store Management System (WMS) The use of a WMS can facilitate an d hasten up the tracing of the products. This is expected to reduce significantly the search time that is over a third of the total OP time. Improvement of the picking policies After introducing a WMS, it is advisable to change the method of OP from strict to zone picking. Application of optimal routing policies In total, the travel and return time is only around 20% of the total OP time. A techno-economical feasibility study (in the form of an ABC analysis) can quantify how much of this can truly be reduced by the choice of routing policies, and provide incentives to subscribe out the necessary modifications.Changing the location of fast moving products in the warehouse, to reduce the retrieval time for small orders. The number of the wood panels ordered is usually other than those contained in the panel lots. The initial policy was to leave the remaining items in their original locations until they were again in demand. The result was to have many broken lots of the same produc t stored randomly in various places and levels within the warehouse. The remainders of the product lots can be placed in easily accessible front piles assigned for this purpose.Extending the storage space to reduce the storage depths from four to two, to reduce the retrieval time. This however increases the fraction of the void over the total space in the warehouse, and creates a peck off between the time needed to access the products and the cost of extending the warehouse area. The company adopted some of the above suggestions, namely the installation of a simple WMS and a change in the location of its products, pursuance an ABC analysis. The storage mode changed to demandbased, hence the fast moving products were placed closer to the section opening to reduce the travel and return times. Also, two piles were allocated on each side section, where the remainders under 20 sheets would be placed (see the broken lot piles in Figure 1). The company did not switch to zone picking, be cause separating the items of the different order packs needs extra space. Also, the company could not consider our suggestion to reduce the storage depth levels, since this required building an additional warehouse. 4.3. Stage 3 Results of the 2ND measurement series Once our suggestions were implemented, the second measurement series was conducted to evaluate the subsequent reductions on the total OP time.The results and the differences between the first and the second measurements are presented on the Table 1. The total time to complete the picking cycle is nowadays 2.86 min/m3, thus a reduction of nearly 50% was achieved. More specifically, the search time is down by over 80% and is now nearly 13% (0.37 min/m3) of the total. This is because the item locations are registered and given to pickers along with the order plan. Further reductions could be achieved if the employed WMS specified the height along with the depth of the product location. The demand-based storage and the use of the two piles for the broken lots reduced the retrieval time by 30.8%, to 1.73 min/m3. There is also significant reduction (33.3% on average) in the travel time to and from the picking points, due to the new storage policies adopted. Despite the significant overall reduction on the OP time, the problem of item retrieval remains unresolved. In effect, the current retrieval time is 60% of the total OP time. Reducing the storage depths is not considered presently, as it requires expansion of the warehousing establishments.5. CONCLUSIONS This work presents a real case study to improve the performance of order picking in an existing company warehouse. The main objective is the reduction of the overall picking time. The work is divided into three stages. The first stage is to register the situation in the warehouse with regard to the required order picking times. The total time is divided into travel, search, retrieval and return time to allow a more detailed analysis of the situation . The analysis of the obtained data identifies promising modifications and quantifies the benefits of adopting them.In effect, the measurements indicated the need for more systematic management, storage and arrangement of the products in the warehouse, and more efficient routing. After the company approved and implemented (some of) the proposed modifications, the time measurements were repeated to see the benefits. Finally, a mean 50% reduction in the total picking times was achieved. There is still space for improvement, even given the reluctance of the company to carry out expensive modifications. 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