We Must Revitalize Downtown Los Angeles :: Argumentative, Persuasive

Downtown is the commercial center of city or town. Downtown is a main target for work and a dandy place to live in most cities. It should be the biggest draw play and most beautiful place of the city. Los Angles business district is voted to be one of the dirtiest downtowns and Los Angles is a big attraction to tourist. Cleaning up downtown would leave better impressions on tourist and also residents. The crime rate would get lower and their routine be each homeless people around. One of the most beautiful music centers is the Disney residency. Walt Disney Concert Hall is the fourth and most recent addition to the symphony Center of Los Angles County. It is laid on 3.6 acres- a full-city block at the intersection of First Street and Grand avenue in the historic Bunker mound area of downtown Los Angeles. Walt Disney Concert Hall encompasses two outdoor amphitheatre, including Keck Children Amphitheatre seating 300 and a second performing space that accommodates an audience of 120, as well as a space for pre-concert events. A large portion of the site has been dedicated to an urban park with expensive public gardens and ornamental adorn and water elements. The Disney Hall attracts people all over to come down to see an outstanding show there. It is amazing and has the best shows and concerts showing there. Downtown LA voted 1 of the dirtiest downtowns always but has the most beautiful music center. Around Disney we have some nice buildings. The cathedral is just across from Disney. The environment is truly clean and it attracts plentiful and wealthy people. It is a truly clean and safe area to be in downtown. When u go just a inadequate bit westmost from Disney you see the real downtown.The Fashion District is a very large area where they only sell clothing and fabric for very low bound and wholesale price. The LA Fashion District spans 90 and is the center of the apparel industry on the West Coast. Retailers, wholesale buyers, designers, stylist, students, shopper and residents all match here. The Clean group keeps the LA Fashion District looking its best with daily sidewalk cleaning and graffiti remotion. Other Clean Team run including the regular removal of visitor street trash, weeds, ally and storm drain cleaning. The Clean Team washes over 14.5 million square feet of sidewalk per quarter and collects and disposes We moldiness Revitalize Downtown Los Angeles Argumentative, PersuasiveDowntown is the commercial center of city or town. Downtown is a main target for employment and a great place to live in most cities. It should be the biggest attraction and most beautiful place of the city. Los Angles downtown is voted to be one of the dirtiest downtowns and Los Angles is a big attraction to tourist. Cleaning up downtown would leave better impressions on tourist and also residents. The crime rate would get lower and their wont be any homeless people around. One of the most beautiful music centers is the Disney Hall. Walt Disney Concert Hall is the fourth and most recent addition to the Music Center of Los Angles County. It is situated on 3.6 acres- a full-city block at the intersection of First Street and Grand avenue in the historic Bunker Hill area of downtown Los Angeles. Walt Disney Concert Hall encompasses two outdoor amphitheatre, including Keck Children Amphitheatre seating 300 and a second performing space that accommodates an audience of 120, as well as a space for pre-concert events. A large portion of the site has been dedicated to an urban park with expensive public gardens and ornamental landscaping and water elements. The Disney Hall attracts people all over to come down to see an outstanding show there. It is amazing and has the best shows and concerts showing there. Downtown LA voted 1 of the dirtiest downtowns ever but has the most beautiful music center. Around Disney we have some nice buildings. The cathedral is just across from Disney. The environment is very clean and it at tracts rich and wealthy people. It is a very clean and safe area to be in downtown. When u go just a little bit west from Disney you see the real downtown.The Fashion District is a very large area where they only sell clothing and fabric for very low coast and wholesale price. The LA Fashion District spans 90 and is the center of the apparel industry on the West Coast. Retailers, wholesale buyers, designers, stylist, students, shopper and residents all converge here. The Clean Team keeps the LA Fashion District looking its best with daily sidewalk cleaning and graffiti removal. Other Clean Team services including the regular removal of visitor street trash, weeds, ally and storm drain cleaning. The Clean Team washes over 14.5 million square feet of sidewalk per quarter and collects and disposes

Michael Jordan :: essays research papers

&8220Michael Jordan is the best ever. There shouldn&8217t be any foreland in any cardinal&8217s mind. There are no ifs, ands or buts about it. He broke the mold. There is no one remotely close to him, Nate Thurmond says. demeanor at all the finals, he eer carried his team. He willed them to another(prenominal) title each year. His greatness was well shown off and off the court. He follows up by saying it&8217s his mental approach more so than his physical talent. He&8217s been on top so long and he yet goes out and does it every night (Thurmond, 61). He was the best sham in the league for years and everyone respected his talent.&8220There&8217s no next Michael Jordan, says whoremonger Johnson. He continues saying, you can&8217t compare anyone to him, what he has through for the game can never be matched. Michael Jordan will eer be Michael Jordan and no one better (Johnson, 61). He&8217s the greatest that ever played, in terms of doing things that Larry Bird and I never dreame d about. (62) Doug Collins says that, &8220Practice is what made him go. both mean solar day he had this need to show who was the best. It&8217s homogeneous I&8217m the best today and I&8217m going to show you and tomorrow I&8217m going to show you and the next day I&8217m going to show you again.&8217 That was how he competed. All the great geniuses of the world were equivalent that. We&8217re talking about Einstein, Edison, and Roosevelt. These people came across something and worked to faultless it (Collins, 61).&8220Michael Jordan is the most competitive human being I&8217ve ever met. I&8217ve met many chief executive officer&8217s from fortune 500 companies. Michael is more competitive and then all of them, David Faulk (Faulk, 62) He continues saying, &8220Michael Jordan would cheat to win, if he wasn&8217t winning, he would do anything to do so.(63) Fread lynch tells, &8220More than anything else, he was a sore loser. Just playacting pick-up games, he&8217d get on his teammates all the time. He hasn&8217t changed that. What he always expected was everybody play the game as hard as he played it. (Lynch, 63) Michael Jordan&8217s father once said, &8220I think Michael got so uncorrupted because Larry (his older brother) used to beat him all the time. He always took losing hard. He only began beating Larry once he started really to grow. It was almost like as if he willed himself to grow.Michael Jordan essays research papers &8220Michael Jordan is the best ever. There shouldn&8217t be any question in anyone&8217s mind. There are no ifs, ands or buts about it. He broke the mold. There is no one remotely close to him, Nate Thurmond says. Look at all the finals, he always carried his team. He willed them to another title each year. His greatness was well shown off and off the court. He follows up by saying it&8217s his mental approach more so than his physical talent. He&8217s been on top so long and he still goes out and does it every night (Thurmo nd, 61). He was the best player in the league for years and everyone respected his talent.&8220There&8217s no next Michael Jordan, says Magic Johnson. He continues saying, you can&8217t compare anyone to him, what he has done for the game can never be matched. Michael Jordan will always be Michael Jordan and no one better (Johnson, 61). He&8217s the greatest that ever played, in terms of doing things that Larry Bird and I never dreamed about. (62) Doug Collins says that, &8220Practice is what made him go. Every day he had this need to show who was the best. It&8217s like I&8217m the best today and I&8217m going to show you and tomorrow I&8217m going to show you and the next day I&8217m going to show you again.&8217 That was how he competed. All the great geniuses of the world were like that. We&8217re talking about Einstein, Edison, and Roosevelt. These people came across something and worked to perfect it (Collins, 61).&8220Michael Jordan is the most competitive human being I&8217v e ever met. I&8217ve met many CEO&8217s from fortune 500 companies. Michael is more competitive then all of them, David Faulk (Faulk, 62) He continues saying, &8220Michael Jordan would cheat to win, if he wasn&8217t winning, he would do anything to do so.(63) Fread Lynch tells, &8220More than anything else, he was a sore loser. Just playing pick-up games, he&8217d get on his teammates all the time. He hasn&8217t changed that. What he always expected was everybody play the game as hard as he played it. (Lynch, 63) Michael Jordan&8217s father once said, &8220I think Michael got so good because Larry (his older brother) used to beat him all the time. He always took losing hard. He only began beating Larry once he started really to grow. It was almost like as if he willed himself to grow.

Othello :: essays research papers

OTHELLOIn the play Othello, the character of Othello has certain traits, which make him seem naive and unsophisticated, compared to many other people. This is why Iago, is able to manipulate him so easily. Iago told Roderigo, "O,sir, content you. I follow him to serve my turn upon him "(I, i lines 38-9). Iago is saying, he only follows Othello to a point, and upon reaching it he give not follow him any longer. This is the first sign of how deceitful Iago will be. Iago has his own evil agenda in mind and he will drug abuse his reputation of being &quothonest Iago&quot to influence Othello. The Moor, as many Venetians call him, is of strong character. He is rattling proud and in require of every move throughout the play. The control is not only of supply, but also of the sense of his being who he is, a great warrior. In incite I, Othello has runs into Brabantio, who has come to kill him, but before anything could happen Othello said, "Hold your hands, both of y ou of my inclining and the rest. Were it my cue to fight, I should have known it without a prompter" (I, ii, lines 80-3). The power shown here is quite astounding. The nature of Othellos character is of a dark man. A dark man, not only because he is black, but also because his whole soul is very mysterious. He is mysterious in that he believes there is magic brewing everywhere. With this dark side he is also very outgoing, and not very bright. It is almost too easy for Iago to trick him into believing that Desdemona is unfaithful. Though he doesnt reflect too much on his past, it is apparent that he has been very winning in many battles and earned the rank of general. The fact that he is supposed to be a experienced soldier and leader contradicts his actions of letting his jealous emotions ruin his life. For all the dangers and encounters he has been involved in, this man is still naive of the corruptness of other individuals. Othello has a trusting nature that will bring abo ut his downfall. He put his trust in Iago during times of war and during Othellos marriage to Desdemona. Although this wasnt very bright of Othello, even if he was not as na&iumlve or more cynical, it still would have been hard for him to discover that Iago was lying.

Internet Marketing :: essays research papers

Its well known that internet marketers be in the business of selling. To become successful in business, its crucial to actively push your business to gain new customers. Lets face it... No promotion, no new customers. Its a simple as that.If youve ever spent money on advertisement before, you will know that it stack be a costly process. Whether the cost is measured in time, effort, money or a mixture of all collar - the one thing that counts the well-nigh is the results. A lack of results from a marketing campaign raise be a real disappointment.More often than not, it is a case of hit-and-miss which leads to frustration and a wasted advertising budget.This article will explain three steps that you can take to gauge how effective your marketing campaigns are and to rapidly mend the response rates of future campaigns. It also brings to light some relatively unknown tactics that some advertising companies are employing to rip-off their customers. I accept youre not one of th ose customers... But you might have been already without even realizing it.Step 1 T&TYou whitethorn or may not work out a proper campaign for your promotions, but let me disc everyplace a suggestion to you if I may? You really should be Tracking and Testing. If you dont know how responsive a particular ad is, how can you possibly gauge the ads effectiveness? Not by guessing, thats for sure It is essential that you T&T because this keeps you in control of yourearnings.If your campaigns arent creating the desired outcome - signups, sales, opt-ins etc., something needs to be changed. By T&T, you can make changes, retest and gauge the results to adopt the process until you do generate the necessary effect and therefore increase your profits.Step 2 TweakingWhat areas need looking at? Here is a little(a) list of questions you can ask yourself. The answer to these questions should be " Yes". If the answer is "No", then simply tweak the item and T&T to win a better response.Ad CopyDoes it have an eye-catching headline? Is it well written with the correct grammar and punctuation? study you edited it over and over to create what youd consider a perfect advertisement? Does it use hypnotic words and phrases that grab the interest of the reader? Does it make the reader want to prate through to your web site while pulling out their credit card?Internet Marketing essays research paper Its well known that internet marketers are in the business of marketing. To become successful in business, its crucial to actively promote your business to gain new customers. Lets face it... No promotion, no new customers. Its a simple as that.If youve ever spent money on advertising before, you will know that it can be a costly process. Whether the cost is measured in time, effort, money or a mixture of all three - the one thing that counts the most is the results. A lack of results from a marketing campaign can be a real disappointment.More often than no t, it is a case of hit-and-miss which leads to frustration and a wasted advertising budget.This article will explain three steps that you can take to gauge how effective your marketing campaigns are and to rapidly improve the response rates of future campaigns. It also brings to light some relatively unknown tactics that some advertising companies are employing to rip-off their customers. I hope youre not one of those customers... But you might have been already without even realizing it.Step 1 T&TYou may or may not work out a proper campaign for your promotions, but let me make a suggestion to you if I may? You really should be Tracking and Testing. If you dont know how responsive a particular ad is, how can you possibly gauge the ads effectiveness? Not by guessing, thats for sure It is essential that you T&T because this keeps you in control of yourearnings.If your campaigns arent creating the desired outcome - signups, sales, opt-ins etc., something needs to be changed. By T&T, you can make changes, retest and gauge the results to repeat the process until you do generate the necessary effect and therefore increase your profits.Step 2 TweakingWhat areas need looking at? Here is a short list of questions you can ask yourself. The answer to these questions should be " Yes". If the answer is "No", then simply tweak the item and T&T to produce a better response.Ad CopyDoes it have an eye-catching headline? Is it well written with the correct grammar and punctuation? Have you edited it over and over to create what youd consider a perfect advertisement? Does it use hypnotic words and phrases that grab the interest of the reader? Does it make the reader want to click through to your web site while pulling out their credit card?

Cultures Influence on Technology Essay -- Environment Environmental P

Cultures Influence on TechnologyCulture and engine room are in a constantly expanding positive feedback loop. The greatest changes in human finale are almost always the result of a technological innovation. However, a technology capable of a cultural shift can only go for come from the culture itself. Without the cultures choice to refine the technology, the practical applications would have been left as only fleeting ideas technology will only be real if the culture has some immediate and apparent use for it. Although a culture will develop a technology based on its inherent valence towards a particular application, that culture cannot possibly fathom the ultimate repercussions of its collective decision. The inherent multiplier effect in the feedback loop along with unforeseen applications of the technology will guide the trajectories of cultural evolution (Ehrlich 255) in completely unexpected ways. Even though cultures can and do have an effect on their telephone circuit th rough history, it is only slight when compared to the monstrous effect that their technologies have on them. The nature and importance of this type of self-propagating relationship are described in capital of Minnesota Ehrlichs book Human Nature Genes, Culture, and the Human Prospect. Ehrlich describes his own opinion on human victimisation and feedback loops in the following passage It is important to know what shapes the rails of history, how that influences the evolution of our natures, and how that in turn feeds back on evolutionary history itself. (Ehrlich 254) The statement briefly describes the general form of the positive feedback loop for human development throughout history. The influences he refers to could be anything from the environment to culture... ...e the resources and could not carry a kiln. They did, however, have an immediate and apparent use for the chariot, which could increase their speed and power by an innumerable factor. Although culture is able to guid e the technological innovations that are borne from it, humanity does not seem to have much of a say in its itinerary through history. Each step through time is a result of an infinite amount of steps before it all pushing history towards an isolated end. Even the individual who invents an integral technology is only a very small ripple in a tide of inexorable humanity.Works CitedChant, Colin. Chapter 2Greece in Pre-Industrial Cities and Technology. Routledge Press, 1999. pp. 48-80.Ehrlich,Paul R. Ch. 11 Gods, Dive-Bombers, and Bureaucracy in Human Natures Genes, Cultures, and the Human Prospect. Island Press, 2000. pp. 253-279.

Cultures Influence on Technology Essay -- Environment Environmental P

Cultures Influence on TechnologyCulture and engine room are in a constantly expanding positive feedback loop. The greatest changes in human subtlety are almost always the result of a technological innovation. However, a technology capable of a cultural shift can only give up come from the culture itself. Without the cultures choice to refine the technology, the practical applications would have been left as only fleeting ideas technology will only be develop if the culture has some immediate and apparent use for it. Although a culture will develop a technology based on its inherent valency towards a particular application, that culture cannot possibly fathom the ultimate repercussions of its collective decision. The inherent multiplier effect in the feedback loop along with unforeseen applications of the technology will guide the trajectories of cultural evolution (Ehrlich 255) in completely unexpected ways. Even though cultures can and do have an effect on their caterpillar tra ck through history, it is only slight when compared to the monstrous effect that their technologies have on them. The nature and importance of this type of self-propagating relationship are described in capital of Minnesota Ehrlichs book Human Nature Genes, Culture, and the Human Prospect. Ehrlich describes his own opinion on human schooling and feedback loops in the following passage It is important to know what shapes the demarcation of history, how that influences the evolution of our natures, and how that in turn feeds back on evolutionary history itself. (Ehrlich 254) The statement briefly describes the general form of the positive feedback loop for human development throughout history. The influences he refers to could be anything from the environment to culture... ...e the resources and could not carry a kiln. They did, however, have an immediate and apparent use for the chariot, which could increase their speed and power by an innumerable factor. Although culture is able to guide the technological innovations that are borne from it, humanity does not seem to have much of a say in its variant through history. Each step through time is a result of an infinite amount of steps before it all pushing history towards an outlander end. Even the individual who invents an integral technology is only a very small ripple in a tide of inexorable humanity.Works CitedChant, Colin. Chapter 2Greece in Pre-Industrial Cities and Technology. Routledge Press, 1999. pp. 48-80.Ehrlich,Paul R. Ch. 11 Gods, Dive-Bombers, and Bureaucracy in Human Natures Genes, Cultures, and the Human Prospect. Island Press, 2000. pp. 253-279.

Web Calculator Exercise 2

uncertainty 1 a. Mean age = 960/20=48 b. Standard Deviation = 10. 74832 Web address http//easycalculation. com/statistics/standard-deviation. php Frequency distribution table for denomination. Score f(frequency) 1 1 2 2 4 2 5 1 6 3 7 3 8 1 9 3 10 3 12 1 N=30 c. What is the percentage of people who identify themselves as Baptist? 3/20 = . 15 x 100 = 15% What is the mode of church attendance? 5 Question 2 a. What is the Z score for a car with a price of $33,000? Z=2. 85714286 b. What is the Z score for a car with a price of $30,000? Z=2 Web address for calculator http//www. danielsoper. com/statcalc3/calc. spx? id=22 c. At what percentile rank is a car that sold for $30,000? 97. 72% Web calculator use http//easycalculation. com/statistics/zscore-to-percentile. php 3. One students Math score was 70 and the same individuals face score was 84. On which exam did the student do better? Math +3 points divided by 9. 58 SD = . 3132 English + 6 points divided by 12. 45 SD = . 482 The student did better on the English test. 4. Suppose you administered an anxiety test to a large sample of people and obtained normally distributed scores with a mean of 45 and standard deviation of 4. Do not use web-calculator to answer the following questions.Instead, you need to use the Z distribution table in Appendix A in Jacksons book. a. If Andrew scored 45 on this test. What is the Z score? Z=45-45 z=0 4 b. If Anna scored 30 oh this test. What is her Z score? Z=30-45 Z=-3. 75 4 c. If Bills Z score was 1. 5, what is his real score on this test? 1. 5 = x-45 X=51 4 d. There are two hundred students in a sample. How many of these students will have scores that fall under the score of 41? Z=41-45 Z= -1 According to Appendix A . 159 x 200 Answer = 31. 8 fall under 41 4 5. Obtain the Persaons r and coefficient of determination for the following relationships. . Between the IQ and psychology scores. r=. 59231 Determination= . 35084 weathervane http//easycalculation. com/statistics/r-squared . php b. Between the IQ and statistics score. r= . 73667 Determination= . 54268 WEB http//easycalculation. com/statistics/r-squared. php c. Between the psychology scores and statistics scores. r= . 71050 Determination = . 50480 WEB http//easycalculation. com/statistics/r-squared. php 6. Using a web-calculator, obtain the appropriate correlation coefficients. r= . 85190 http//easycalculation. com/statistics/r-squared. php

Macbeth’s Downfall Essay

The tragedy of Macbeth, by William Shakespeare is considered a tragedy out-of-pocket to the ruining of the main character. His downfall causes many deaths throughout the play and causes dramatic events to take place which in the end leads to his death. Many major events take place in this characters life to lead up to his downfall and death. The downfall of Macbeth is due to his greed for power, witches self-fulfilling prophesies, and the pressure from skirt Macbeth.The greed for power is a major role in the downfall of Macbeth. Macbeth started out a brave warrior that would have given his life up for the king. The king honored that by making him Thane of Caldor which started him on this downfall to greed of power. This greed for power caused him to want more and more control, which eventually led to do anything even murder in order to rise to the highest position. Even subsequently he became king it wasnt enough, he had to make sure he held that position by killing everyone who posed a threat to his reign. Over clipping lot start to see these terrible things that were going on, which caused the death of Lady Macbeth because the burden of this knowledge was too much for her to bare. In the end Macbeths people turned against him ending in the death of Macbeth.The witches played a major role in the plot and thinking of Macbeth. The witches and there self-fulfilling prophesies played with the mind of Macbeth put the thought in his head that would lead to his downfall. By planting these prophecies in his head the witches tormented him by making him think that it was fate that he be king and rule over everyone, when in reality they just implanted the thought into his head. All hail, Macbeth hail to thee, thane of Glamis All hail, Macbeth, hail to thee, thane of Cawdor All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter (1.3.50-53). This cite shows us one of the ways the witches play with Macbeths mind by implanting the thought into his head. This causes him to take the actions needed in order to incur king. Through there crafty speech is how they helped lead Macbeth to his death.My nemesis my downfall, if you will was relationships, and trying tofulfill them. (Jennifer ONeill). This quote shows us that Macbeths relationship with gentlewoman Macbeth was part of his downfall because of his want to fulfill what she wanted. His want to fulfill her desires of him drove him to kill King Duncan. We fail? but screw your courage to the sticking-place, and well not fail. (1.7.59-61). This quote shows us that Lady Macbeth not only encouraged him to kill King Duncan but she is actually the reason Macbeth goes through with the murder. make thick my blood give notice up the access and passage to remorse (1.5.43-44).This quote shows that Lady Macbeth asks the spirits to harden her heart so she does not feel remorse for what she is going to do. Lady Macbeth also convinces Macbeth to try and calm his conscious from what he has done by saying My hands are of your colour but I shame To turn out a heart so white. (2.2.61-62). Showing that she was a part of the murder but she feels no remorse for it.In conclusion the tragic fall of Macbeth is due to many factors. This is considered a tragic play because throughout Macbeths downfall many people are killed in order for him to become king which eventually leads to his death. Thats why Lady Macbeth, the witches, and his greed for power all led to the downfall. Another reason he fell is because of his ambition that burned inside of him to be great. Those are the main factors for his fall.

Paschal Mystery

Gabrielle Murabito Brother Jim, S. A. C. New Testament 9 April 2013 Paschal Mystery Essay God had a wonderful excogitate for everything He cr haveed for all things that exist. The Paschal Mystery is Christ work of redemption through His Passion, death, Resurrection, Ascension, and Pentecost. The term Paschal mystery comes from the Pasch, which is the Passover event of the Exodus. God sent the antediluvian patriarch Hebrews from slavery and death in Egypt, so the Nazarene could save us from original sin and eternal death. God the Father sent His word of honor to give up all humanity.His Son did this by dying for the whole world. He forgetingly offered himself for the salvation through His suffering, death, Resurrection, Ascension, and Pentecost. Christians call it the Paschal Mystery because we celebrate this in the rite of Eucharist. Eucharist represents Christs body and that was given to His followers on the Last Supper. It is all meant to show Gods love and Jesus suffering. Jesus redeemed himself through His passion, death, Resurrection, Ascension, and Pentecost.Jesus passion is He, Himself, suffering through and eventually dying on the mark. In curb 1458, the footnote 1438 states that Everyone is face up with this struggle, the full force of which Jesus is accepted on our behalf and, through his bitter passion and death, achieved the victory. Jesus accepted His passion when He accepted His cross and out of His own free will, died for us. Jesus death only lasted 3 hours. When others got crucified, it lasted days.Jesus was mocked until His death, beaten many times, had to carry His own cross, and when He was put on the cross, He eventually died from suffocation because He had too much fluid in His lungs from hanging. His death was very painful but He did it for all of us. In Mark 1539, it says, When the centurion who stood facing Him saw how He breathed his last he said, Truly this man was the Son of God . His death proved to everyone that He, Jesus was the Son of God. On the third day, Jesus resurrected.Many did not believe, they were afraid. His resurrection changed Him physical. He was no longer the same. Jesus could walk through walls but could still be able to eat and touch people. His resurrection also proved that He was the Son of God. So then the Lord Jesus, after he spoke to them, was taken up into heaven and took his situation at the right hand of God. Mark 1619, explains the Ascension of Jesus. He ascended into heaven in His resurrected body. This proves that all humanity is taken into heaven.Jesus mission on domain has been accomplished and will return again someday. On the fifteenth day following Easter when the Holy Spirit is made present, given, and communicated as divine someone of the Trinity. Pentecost is an event when the Apostles and Disciples were in the upper room and the Holy Spirit came upon. The Holy Spirit gave them abilities. This event marked the beginning of the manifestation of the gifts and f ruits of the Spirit. Now, Jesus mission will be completed through others. Jesus, the redeemer, saved the whole world from sin.

Do we need statistic quality criteria?

The intention is to comp be statistical analytic thinking methods and dependencies. With the trans fashion modelation into quantitative variables a systematisation effect is desired. In this way extensive data gouge be reduced to its core. To check the comparability required for that, quality criteria have been developed. These are agree to current interpretation high-pitcheder(prenominal) if the standardization of the researchs marrow, the course of the investigation and the setting is easily realizable. There are five different types of beat of bar. These five criterion of respectment are divided into both groups.The main group and the sub group. Objectivity, Reliability and Validity belong to the main group. Acceptability and Economy are the 2 parts of the subgroup. This paper is focused on the main group. Chapter 2 Criterion of Measurements 1. Objectivity Objectivity is the extent to which a mental test result in implementation, analysis and interpretation derriere be influenced by an investigator or if much come to matching results. Neither the implementation nor the analysis and interpretation carried break by different researchers may in that respectfore produce different results.The implementing objectivity requires that the test result is unaffected by the user. The interpretation f objectivity requires that several(prenominal) interpretations can non be used towards the interpretation turned result. For example to measure the screw length by a calibrated measuring equipment is an objective measurement but the survey of employees by their police squad leader for the leadership is very subjective. 2. Reliability Reliability indicates the reliability of a measurement method. An investigation is described as reliable if it comes to the very(prenominal) conclusion at a repetition of the measurement under the same conditions.It can be inter alai determined by a repeat examination (test-retest method) or other equivalent test (par entire lyel test method). The measure is the reliability coefficient and it is defined by the correlational statistics of the two investigations. An example off reliable question is How many employees has your department? In second question has a downcaster reliability because it is unclear who is defined as a team player and therefore different opinions can come into existence. 3. Validity Some people say that there is no cogency but indeed there are quite different kinds of robustness.This is certainly true but they have in common rigorousness or hardship of these measurements describe the degree of the true with which a method measures what it headings to measure. An intelligence test for example is only valid when intelligence activities are measured and not primarily the steadiness. A test has content that is true the problem is to determine that. The name of intelligence (as well as aggression, anxiously etc. ) is a so called construct constructs are concepts that much or l ittle appear to be divinatoryly meaningful. The described is not observed directly but inferred from indicators.Constructs are under the theory useful assumptions. essentially its the problem of truth of statements which are hidden in the concept of validity Are allegations true? In the example above deserves a test that is exchange as intelligence test this name? Psychologically more important is the empirical validity that means the match and predictive validity. The first can be checked by correlating the results with criterion values. In this way we could for instant demonstrate the validity of a calculation exam for the third school year by the correlation of the test results with the teachers Judgments.A predictive validity is situated close to determine, for example, when designing a school readiness test After the test survey angiotensin-converting enzyme should wait at least until the end of he first school year and therefore assess the correlation between test results and school performance. The test is valid if the correlation fails high. Validity is the most important quality criterion, because it indicates the degree of accuracy with which a study captures (e. G. Personality traits or behaviors). The validation is performed using the correlation with an external criterion. There are different types of validity 3. Construct validity Construct validity is present when measurements capture what they should mete ( if a construct is inferred from a high correlation then construct validity is the same as liability). If hypotheses are being derived from a construct it means high construct validity and consequently good empirical confirmation of this hypothesis. A small construct does not necessarily speak against the measure, they can also speak against the construct itself. This form of validity presupposes reliable knowledge about the construct I. E. Knowledge of the relevant theories and the relevant findings.For the validity of an aggression tes t may speak, for example, when men achieve higher scores than women and when young men (about 20 years) have higher values Han older ones (about 40 years). In common aggressiveness in our culture is more distinctive for young men than for women and older men (detectable in the crime statistics). The results of a test structure must therefore ultimately agree with the general knowledge to construct. As a special procedure for the determination of construct validity is factor analysis using complex computational procedures used to were clumps of test tasks.Usually it is not even particularly difficult to interpret these clumps (factors), one sees, for example are among many that (intelligence) tasks hose that require working with numbers, a special factor, as they will in future number bound thinking combined into one part test. Factor analysis is controlled by one hand theoretical knowledge of the researchers. On the other hand this is supplemented by the empirically derived factors or even corrected. Especially in the use of computers many subjective decisions are make as there are many variations of factors such as analysis.An example of high construct validity is about the Malaria try. In this experiment people were nominate as teachers and should punish a student who gave the wrong answer to a question. Here the subjects were not informed about the actual reason of the experiment. The punishment was carried out using electric shocks from five to 400 volts. The teacher (the subject) could not see the student but hear him/her. The student was not inflicted real harm. This experiment should measure obedience of people under a certain authority. The independent variable was the authority which could be clearly measured by the voltage.The question was When (at what voltage) breaks an attendant from the experiment? So you can say the higher the the more obedient are the students. The experiment in Germany, USA and Israel led to an alarming result in all countr ies the experiment was carried out to the end by 85% of the participants. During the experiment the students at higher voltage levels (from about 350 volts) didnt dare to make a single sound. well-nigh all of the attendees were convinced that they had actually tortured a man. 3. 2 Criterion validity Criterion validity is a special aspect of construct validity.Criterion validity is present when the measurements are correlated with a different construct valid measurement (the criterion) high. The construct is defined only on the criterion validity. There is a risk of circularity when construct validity is solely defined by criterion validity (test A is valid because it correlates with test B which correlated with examen C which correlates with test A) if you look at it in a different way all tests construct compliant correlate with each other (immunological network) then this is a stronger proof of validity as a pair of validation measurements.For instance, a test to measure depressi on this test we apply to persons who have demo a depression. It checks how closely these test results are with other established assessments (e. G. With the assessment y psychotherapists) Usually four types of criterion validity are distinguished. The four types are convergent validity, discrimination validity, concurrent validity and predictive validity. 3. 2. 1 Convergent validity Convergent validity says that correlated with several alternative criteria but of which the high criteria gives only some have a high construct validity the measurement with high validity.Convergent validity exists when a test correlates highly with other tests construct. That purport to measure the same The measurement of the observation criterion conflict resolution skills in a measurements of the same 3. 2. Discriminate validity criterion in a team exercise. Discriminate validity suggests that several alternative criteria of which only certain the criteria of have a high construct validity the measur ement correlates low with low validity and high with those of high validity.The measurement of the observation criterion conflict resolution skills in a negotiation exercise should at this point does not correlate with the measurement of results orientation in the same exercise. nub measurements should generally not relate. Constructs do not correlate with each other, not even when the same measurement procedure was used. Oh can still find a correlation the measurement method usually has a too strong influence on the measurement and should be revised. 3. 2. 3 Concurrent validity Concurrent validity means that measurement and criterion are applied simultaneously.The measurement is to be assessed at the same time as the measurement of the criterion. 3. 2. 4 Predictive validity The difference between the concurrent validity and the predictive is that with the concurrent validity, forecasts are found on measurements at the same time. Predictive validity means that the criterion is imp osed after the measurement, el the assortment is to predict the criterion. An instrument has predictive validity if predictions that are based on a first measurement can be confirmed by later measurements with another instrument. Schnabel, Hill, Seer 1995) 3. 3 Content validity Content validity is actually a specific aspect of construct validity. It is when representing the contents of those measurements collected by content to be measured. The content validity can be formally considered only if the totality of content to be measured is known but this is rarely the case. It is mostly used for simple tests for instance, a knowledge test and spelling test. Content validity is assumed if the individual test items are according to experts a good sample of all mathematical tasks.A test calculation for the third School year is valid if the tasks about the subject matter of this age group are well represented. 3. 4 ecological validity ecologically valid in which the measures introduced by this method S-conditions (S stands for stimulus) an unbiased sample of the population of all living conditions of the individual S-conditions are represented. The method is an individual ecologically invalid if the introduced S-bootee conditions in question are not or only rarely represented in this combination. Pallid, 1976) For example, the number of days missing at work is a valid indicator for the health of employees but not for the satisfaction of employees. If they are at work you dont know if they are satisfied or not. The attempt to measure the length of a screw with a measurement. 4. Acceptably- Acceptability thermometer is another example of a non-valid This will determine if a measurement is acceptable. In other words whether it is consistent with written or unwritten social norms and the investigation of partners and thus accepted as such in an interview. 5. Economic EconomyTime and specie are always scarce goods therefore you have to consider the aspect of economy. It can be said that the one of two measurements is more economical which was achieved with less cost and time. 6. Result In short it is very important to follow the criteria of measurement. If you dont, your result is not valid. That your result is not valid wont be your only problem. You can make a measurement and get a result of your measurement. But the result doesnt represent what you want to measure. The best way to measure is, to measure with two groups. If you have two groups you have the possibility to compare these two roofs.

Tred Paper

The story of the prodigal tidings started with the younger son that asked his father to give him his portion of the familys inheritance then the son got what he wanted and went off on a long journey to a distant land and began wasting his fortune. When the son ran give away of money, he took a job feeding pigs. He was so poor that he was willing to eat the food for the pigs. One day, the son realized on the whole his faults and he finally came into his senses.He remembered his father and decided to return home to ask for forgiveness and mercy. His father welcomed his son with open arms. Due to the fathers happiness, he ordered his servants to prepare a celebration. Meanwhile, the elder son was not happy when he came home, working the fields, only to find out that there was a party for the return of his younger brother. The father tried to prevent the older brother for being jealous and the father said You are always with me, and everything I have is yours. So, from what I think, the younger son was selfish and immature for asking his part of the familys inheritance even if that the father was not dead. Second, when the younger son took the job of feeding the pigs and even eating the pigs food, it shows that he had sunk as low as he could possibly go. The son represents a person living in rebellion to God. I think that before we come into our sense, we should first experience failures.Third, the father is the image of the Heavenly Father. God is a symbol of love and is patient. He helps us when we return to him with humble hearts. He is not interested from what we have done in the past but forgives us. Lastly, the older son represents an image of the Pharisees. By being self-righteousness, they forgot to be a happy when a sinner returns to God. I think that the bitterness and resentment are what unploughed the older son to forgive his younger brother.

Near death experience Essay

Life is a great surprise I do not see why decease should not be an even greater bingle Everyone knows theyre going to die but nobody hopes it. If we did, we would do things differently. Theres a better approach. To know youre going to die, and to be prep ared for it at any time. Thats better. That way you can actually be more multiform in your breeding while youre living. (Albom 82). Morrie hearts that people refuse to believe that they will come one daylight die, and in that locationfore, do not suffers there proceeds as risey as they would have liked and also have many regrets as they become older and their death becomes closer.He feels that once we date and accept that we are one day going to die, we learn to bed our fully and without any regrets. Morrie repeats this quote frequently throughout the chapter to emphasize how serious and implemental it is to accept death, and what a benefit it would be to living the remainder of our merrys. Morrie wants Mitch to see h ow he able appreciates the smaller, more genuine things in animateness, knowing that his death is appropriate. daylight by Day remind yourself that you are going to die later in life. So live a good a healthy life.Tuesdays with Morrie, reservoir Mitch Albom allows the reader to experience that teaching of his dying professor, Morrie Schwartz. In the novel, Mitch is taught by Morrie once you learn how to die you learned how to live. Dying is a way of life, we was put on this earth for three reasons born, live, and die. The first aspect once life is known to be coming to an end, and the inevitable is accepted life is live moment to moment. No times is wasted on less classic things because times become precious. Life is finally given its full value at the sight of death. other aspect vastness of relationships as well, in order to deal with life and death, family is key to providing the care and love needed to pass peacefully and securely. Learning how to live and make do with dea th also knotted knowing how much to grieve for your own demise. The purpose of life is not to live but to die because life is a tally where you going to go in the afterwards life. The feeling to living life to the fullest is immediately thrown out knowing that some day an end to these experiences and lessons will inevitably come.Stress can be greatly decreased if a death is accepted however, coping with death by refusing to believe one will die is psychologically natural. All combined Cancers rank as some of the highest causes of death, with cancer of the lungs as one of the largest. Strokes are also one of the highest in the world, accounting for 100,000+ deaths in the United States. We want our lives to have meaning death suggest life adds up to nothing. (Qtd Mchugh) This quote means we have to live to the fullest never know when your day can come to die. Life is as well as short to be playing around cant live forever.If you believe in the Bible, the meaning of life is Jesus C hrist, because He is the only one that defeated death. To be hard working and serve God. To help out in fixity communities, you should not live only for fun but to help others and enjoy life too. So many people walk around with a unimportant life. They seem half-asleep, even when theyre busy doing things they think are important. This is because theyre chasing the wrong things. The way you get meaning into your life is to consecrate yourself to loving others, devote yourself to your community around you, and devote yourself to creating something that gives you purpose and meaning.(Albom 43) Mitch recalls this quote, that Morrie had once told him, at the beginning of the novel when he was describing his job and his lifestyle. Mitch was a very busy, career and success point sports reporter. He chased money, success, and materialistic things. He recalled that Morrie had once told him how so many people get caught leading a meaningless life they become too involved in their job, mon ey, and fall under the popular culture dictatorship. Morrie feels that so many people are mislead thinking all of these things are important and they are too busy chasing these things that their life passes right by them.Morrie says that to effect meaning in our life, we must love and show compassion for others. This way we create our own meaning of life and do not waste our life chasing false and superficial dreams. Ironically, Mitch lives this exact life of chasing the wrong things. Culture allows us to feel us if death is not approaching and distance ourselves from the inevitable to the point that we feel as if we cannot die. Similarities seen with many who have undergone virtually death experiences due primarily to advanced technology in which a person can be lost but still survive.Despite the recent founding of the term, it has been ascertained that near-death experiences are not at all contemporary occurrences. Neither are they exclusive to certain age, gender, occupation, e thnicity, or religious group. Such spiritual episodes have been in reality from the time of the ancient philosopher Plato who, in his republic, wrote about a B. C. Greek soldiers brush with death. Portions of near-death elements are scattered in various medieval Christian writing. Mostly revitalizing event as stated by those that undergo it begins to take life with the value it truly possesses.With a changed perspective about the importance of relationships compared to mere material gain. (Qtd Inquiry) This quote explains that relationships is incredibly important, and not material gains, although this quote is stated that material gain is still existent and part of life. Today, with the influx of neo near-death experience accounts in books, journals, television shows, motion pictures and the internet, more and more people are familiar with the phrase light at the end of the tunnel, as the near death experiences of various individuals give humanity a deeper finding of death and the afterlife.The near-death experience is an inspirational glimpse of a positive spiritual life after physical death. Once you learn how to live you learn how to die. (Albom 82) Throughout this quote, Morrie feels that people refuse to believe that they will one day die, and therefore, do not live there lives as fully as they would have liked and also have many regrets as they become older and their death becomes closer. He feels that once we learn and accept that we are one day going to die, we learn to live our lives fully and without any regrets.Morrie repeats this quotes frequently throughout the chapter to emphasize how important and helpful it is to accept death, and what a benefit it would be to living the remainder of our lives. Morrie also wants Mitch to see how he is able to appreciate the smaller, more genuine things in life, knowing that his death is approaching. Life is finally given its full value at the sight of death. Morrie emphasizeed the importance of relationsh ips as well, stating they are necessary in aiding ones passage. In order to deal with life and death, family is the key to providing the care and love needed to pass peacefully and securely.Learning how to live and cope with death also involved knowing how much to grieve for your own demise. Death is biologically inevitable, however when it does finally come, it is seen to do so abruptly, even if it involves a terminal illness. Birth and Death are similar in a way because they are greatly important both emotionally and in the act existence of humanity. They are opposites in a way too cause birth is anticipated and death is avoided. Immediate shock and disbelief followed by full impact of the death and last, the integration of the loss into daily loss.Birth meant an invitation to a life of suffering and never ending work, and of the inevitable sickness and death of which there was no escape. (Qtd Roman) this quote means birth is gift to life and death is like a surprise party and e verybody invited because nobody knows when they going to die. People stress the true importance of family with many objects that are not important in their lives. Material possessions, mainly due to our cultural aspects on life, have ruled our printing on how life should be lived. The culture we have does not make people feel good about themselves.And you have to be strong teeming to say if the culture doesnt work, dont buy it. (Albom 42) This quote illustrates one of the themes in the novel popular culture vs. self-created values. Morrie feels that we should reject pop-culture values and pause our own sense of values and culture. Morrie feels that the media creates a culture of greed, violence, and lacking satisfaction. Morrie developed his own culture long before he got sick. He appreciated much(prenominal) things like holding discussion groups, walks with friends and dancing. He read books, founded community projects and kept in touch with old colleagues and students.He never wasted time reflexion TV instead he took more time enjoying nature, food, and human activities. Morrie also feels that if we are successful at rejecting pop-culture we will lead more meaningful lives, take up aging, and live without regret. Many Americans put this aside to the point that the actual realization is far more stressful than it should be. People should stressed the importance of begin involved in day to day life and aiding in ones community. This can be seen as living life to the fullest and taking in the positive aspects while we still have a chance.People should appreciate the natural surroundings. Simple things more than anything else, suggesting that true importance is left in the smallest of things. The purpose of life is not to live but to die. Everyone knows theyre going to die, but nobody believes it. (Albom 70) Morriess words on this subject are very in abstruseness in that he had to live the last months of his life with this fact looming over his head. He f urther revitalizes the sense that in our culture do not understand that death is truly inevitable to all of us. The purpose of life is to choose whom you will be loyal to.Either you will show yourself willing to live under the rule of God of the universe or you will choose to live as a slave to self and to sin. Life is a test we have to pass the right way for a reward in life hereafter. Works Cited Albom, Mitch. Tuesdays with Morrie. New York Doubleday Publishing Group,Inc. , 1997 Death An Inquiry into Mans Most Mortal Weakness. (Online) Available http//library. thinkquest. org/16665/cgi-bin/index. cgi April 22, 2007 Mchugh, Paul R. Dying made easy. Commentary. February 199913-17 When the rains falls. Publishers Weekly 29 October 2012.

NonProfit Management Case Study Essay

IntroductionThe well-bred society has taken a very active role in the quest for democracy that continues to spread across the continents m cardinaly box it reached the Middle East region lone(prenominal) recently. This is clear given the successive revolts that have taken place in many of the Arab countries c alling for real democracy. Therefore, dowryicularly in Egypt, efforts should be directed toward defending civilized society organizations and activists who atomic number 18 being threatened by the coercive authoritarian politics actions over the early(prenominal) decades (Naidoo, 2007).The civil society as identified by Khallaf (2010) comprises non-governmental organizations (NGOs hereafter), confederacy groups, professional ties, trade unions, media organizations, research institutes/ think tanks, and advocacy and human rights civil society organizations (p. 2). However, the topical paper aims at boil downing mainly on the role of NGOs in strengthening democracy. This is due to the major role NGOs play in several areas in order to enhance democracy.Among these are their role in (1) allowing a wider wheel of interest groups to have a voice, pluralizing institutions to act in a guard dog role vis-a-vis the state, networking and creating alliances of civic actors to place pressure on the state, (2) working with grassroots organizations comprised of poor and marginalized groups, and (3) exerting around pressures on the state by pressing for falsify and developing alternative policies (Mercer, 2002). Previous Studies of civil society in Egypt, over the past twenty years, havebeen both superficial and confined to only expressage areas, namely (issue establish mankindations, academic earthly concernations, didactics materials/ manuals, directories, conference publications, empirical comparative studies, civil society organizations (CSOs) publications, donor guide books and publications, CSOs coalitions occasional papers, evaluation studies, and web base sources) (Khallaf, 2010). (Figure 1). Figure The diversity of civil society research in Egypt Therefore, more detailed studies should be directed toward deeply investigating the civil society organizations operate in Egypt.Khallaf (2010) has mentioned that more research has been directed recently to track the actual magnitude of civil society through donor efforts in Egypt. However, the literature has pointed to dear gaps in the study of NGOs in Egypt. These complicate First Updated statistical information on number of NGOs. Second The systematic evaluation of NGOs activities. Third periodic assessments much(prenominal) as the CIVICUS or Civil Society Index and the Philanthropy study. Forth studying participatory governance and the involvement of civil society in conclusion making processes. Fifth changing Laws and regulations governing NGOs in Egypt.Sixth An impact assessment of all saucy NGOs working in charity or cultivation. seventh an assessment of aid ef fectiveness to Egypt (Khallaf, 2010). Finally a detailed diagnosis of the NGOs operating in Egypt is needed. This should focus on both internal and external analyses of the selected NGOs and provide policy recommendations for possible improvements in the sector. The current paper attempts to draw light on how the civil society operates in Egypt. A well recognized Egyptian NGO was selected in this ethnographic research. It is called the Future Protectors Association for Care and Development or Homat Al-Mostakbal.The reason behind selecting it is the higher credibility and the good reputation it is enjoying. This is conformation of well perceived by the researcher based on her personal experience with this acquaintance. The current research faecal matter add valuable insights both theoretically and practically. Theoretically, it attempts to cover few of the gaps mentioned intimately the civil society research in developing countries and Egypt in particular. Practically, propo sed recommendations push aside serve as strategic agendas for improving the feat of the selected NGO in particular and the entire NGO sector in general.The current paper is organized as follows the first section will bid detailed information about connexions background. This will be followed by the analysis section which would sum up the major facts tranquil about the acquaintance. The analysis is based on qualitative in-depth interviewing1 conducted with five key persons in the connecter including its founder. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are presented, to guide future research directions, at the conclusion part here later. BackgroundFuture protectors association for care and development (homat al mostakbal) is one of the well known non-governmental organizations in Egypt. It is located at 425 Avenue Road, Roushdy, Alexandria, Egypt. It is a group of young people who work in the field of developmental work and volunteerism in for a better future and a true renas cence to Egypt. It serves in the great Cairo area and some other governorates including Alexandria, Dakahleya, Gharbeya, Menoufeya, and others. It was originally founded on the 2nd of Novermber, 2004 by Eng. El-Dreiny and his daughter engineer Marwa El-Dreiny.It was mainly founded seeking lodge development. The vision of the association is to be one of the largest civil society organizations working in the field and leading the areas of development, community care, and voluntary work in Egypt and the Arab populace by year 2020. The mission of the association is the development and care of the community through several dimensions including raising the general level of education and the development of product philosophy, increasing knowingness of drug taking problems, providing health awareness, raising the cultural level of young people, and providing a variety of kind services.These are to be achieved piece of music taking into account the mastery of work and inscription to th e principles of ethics and team work cooperation. The primary objectives to fulfill the pre-mentioned vision and mission include the following Providing pleader and better utilizing the power of dominance volunteers in various activities of the association and developing their skills while strengthening their moral values. Increasing the awareness of community members about the dangers of drugs and training of cadres for contrastive age groups.In addition to providing technical ache to partners and trainers in the field of awareness against the dangers of addiction and drug. Training community members by spreading the product thinking and helping youth and poor families in establishing small craft projects to supply industries with high quality products at competitive prices. Providing social services (in kind physical technical) and the work projects for poor families, orphans, deaf and dumb cases. Developing different segments of the society, especially children and young people both culturally and scientifically.This would entitle them to acquire sore skills, open their horizons to different lives, and raise the level of education among the educated classes with aim of bringing progress and prosperity to the society in large. The major values of the association comprise the following Intentions precede action Our basic principles are our main priority. Understanding the priorities and giving a high commitment to them. Mastering our work. Best employing our resources. Our clients are our core interest. Team work liven up. Commitment to a safe environment.The association is registered under the old NGO law. This entitles the association to be under the scrutiny and lapse of the Directorate of Social Affairs. Here is the copy of the registration certificate. Figure Formal Registration Certificate The association tries as much to manage its institutional memory. This can be manifested in the form of reports including information about what happened in the past. Other reports are prepared for each activity and collected annually to be archived and attested for each committee.Also, in that fix are few attempts to record religious seminars and cultural meetings either video or audio. Sometimes the association registers the campaigns to serve the sensitive members by providing them with information about the work flavor. These tentative mechanisms are aimed at saving association heritage of knowledge and transfer it to the future generations who would complete the mission. The organization map of the association was revised recently. There are intentions to modify it also however some limitations hinder this at the current period.The chart is decomposed into the Chairman of the jury of Directors, the Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Executive Director, the Chairmen of the various Committees the Vice Chairmen of the various Committees -who are appointed by the administration according to experience and seniority- the executive commission including Secretary, the financial management. There were areas for development and the last updated organization chart was reproduced recently in 2011. The association was built on the basis of predominantly volunteerism however there are 17 lump employees who are getting paid monthly.There are mainly three managers executive, financial, and legal affairs. Staff members do not perform overlapping roles, instead there is a clearly specified job description for each single role. This would allow the upper management to apply a strict accountability procedures based on assigned responsibilities. The association is able to deal smoothly with the threat of losing any/all staff member(s). Sometimes, the operations of a highly specialize department, which loses a key staff member, can be postponed until the appointment of a upstart person.However, in the key roles like secretarial work, work cannot be stopped and duties can be referred to any interested volunt eer. The collectivity and shared team working spirit that characterize the association enable it to face sudden problems of this sort. The association is having a distinguish along of directors. It is composed of 9 members, 1/3 of them are dropped during each nomination period. The nomination is made for 6 upcoming years. It is preferred to nominate persons with strong public relations to offer some facilities and those who have the expertise and strong knowledge about associations policies. The association is rank and file based.There are different types of members including volunteers, affiliated, and working member. The membership perspective is documented only for continuing members who are then entitled to receive a formal membership card. Members pay a symbolic annual fee of about 20 pounds which represents one of the financial resources received by the association. The following chart represents the progress that has occurred in associations membership from 2004 to 2008. In 2010, the number of volunteers has reached 4000. Figure The number of volunteers The following chart represents the geographic allocation of volunteers across the different governorates.Figure The geographic allocation of volunteers The social and economic background of the members is diverse. Majority of members are classified to be from the middle to upper middle social class. They are almost well educated having a clear intent toward the importance of charity and development societal roles in their country. They have strong religious understandings which enable them to volunteer their efforts for the sake of making others gifted while earning credits (thawab) and pleasing the only god (ALLAH). The association has completed a huge number of successful projects2 and some of which are seasonal.The seasonal projects include distributing El Kheir bags and Ramadan lamps. It is planning to undertake some continuous projects not to be owned by the association but by encouraging the youth to carry them and the association can be a partner by 10%. Attached here below in the appendices is a list of the projects and activities the association is relate in. The primary beneficiaries of the association are Volunteers, university students, school children, widowed women, poor families, knowledge seekers, patients, orphans, and the elderly at large.The association is not specifying a certain population to focus on serving. Activities are therefore not based on the coverage of a particular area, but they are tailored to achieve certain goals across the various geographic segments. 3 The association has unique policy for recruiting both members and staff. For the former, recruitment is based on the real intention to perform volunteer work. For the latter, recruitment is based on the exact mission to be completed within the functional department the potential candidate will join. The association views the current recruitment policy to be an effective one.Therefore, there are no plans to change its policy during the current period. The ratio of associations founders to its members is roughly estimated to be 10%. Taking into considerations that the number of registered volunteers is roughly 4000, only 100-200 of them are active ones. The association depends on a self financing scheme. Majority of funds come from membership fees, donations (in cash or in kind), and revenues from profit-based committees. There is one smart set which operates in the field of quality and 75% of its income is transferred to the association.There are some funding projects such as the share the good, CSR, and Ijada company. Only 10% of the directed donations are taken to cover a proportion of administrative expenses but the money of Zakat is kept untouched. The association collects money from Egyptians. The money comes in forms of Zakat, sadakat, and in cash or in kind donations. It utilizes no foreign funding alternatives except for the single initiative with the g et together Nations. This partnership agreement was made under pressures from Dubai police and entitled the association to receive a fund of $ 10.000 in order to execute some projects. The association has neither an initial endowment nor an emergency fund. It depended mainly on donations during the initial construction phase. There is a bank account for the association where the money collected from the various sources is being deposited to or withdrew from when necessary. The association does not always profit from most of its projects because they have low profit margins. Some seasonal projects might find profit like the partnership with Toshiba Company to distribute Ramadan lamps.Donations are considered as part of the revenues. The association uses money coming from donations, sadakat, and the yield of some revenue-based activities. The general bang costs of the association are estimated roughly to be from 30-40% of the cipher. The ways to manage costs to the least possible l evel include, inducing members to rationalize consumption rates, fast monitoring monthly expenses, rationalizing staff recruitment process, and covering the costs of high telephone bills, hospitality and administrative outlays through collecting in kind donations.The association does not recognize any kind of support offered by the Egyptian government. The old government has provided only some facilities to make agreements with some concerned regimen such as ministries. This was mostly perceived prior to the regeneration. However, the picture of the new potential government is still vague and there is no assurance that the new government would adopt a pro-civil society philosophy or not. There are tentative expectations about possible cooperation from the ministry of environment in the future. Analysis found on the results of the in-depth personal interviews conducted with key persons in the association two types of analysis were made. The following section starts by presenting t he first type of analysis which is the SWOT. This will be followed by the swearword analysis. 1. SWOT analysis The association enjoys a number of strength points. These strengths include, but not limited to, the following a. Strong team spirit is a huge asset, good and efficient management system, good public relations, raising the skills of volunteers through gained experience, and very good reputation perceived by partners and the community at large.b. The front man of strong networks both local anestheticly and inter nationally. Locally with government institutions such as the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Higher Education, the Adult Education in Alexandria, the Ministry of Housing, the Ministry of phantasmal Affairs, the Ministry of Environment (protocol of cooperation),partnership training with the engineering industries sector TV ITVs affiliated to the Ministry of Industry, Alexandria Biblotecha library (Department of Public Relations and Information), Morkoseya Church, the Food Bank, and the Egyptian (permanent agreement).Internationally, networks with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Organized Crime in the United Nations, the Dubai Police (working as technical/training consultants to raise awareness of the damages of drug addiction. c. Good coordination with other local and international organizations. Examples include organizing joint training programs with renaissance makers club in Kuwait, the Ministry of Awqaf in Kuwait, the American University of Kuwait, Gulf University, CID in Kuwait and the Ministry of Defense, Union of Arab Doctors (donations to Libya), the office of Dr.Muhammad Salim Al-Awa, Toshiba Arab company and Ocean Express Company and Isam Abu-setta for heavy transport, New Horizons and Xeon, Arab Academy for Science and Technology, University of Pharos, Alexandria University, Cairo University, Helwan University, Ain Shams University, Menoufiya University, Western University , Mansoura University, Assuit University. Alshanek ya Balady Association, Alexandria west investors association, and set your goal association, the future pass on Hospital. In addition to cultural partnership cooperation with the Egyptian-Turkish Friendship Association.d. The presence of a strong infrastructure in the main headquarters in Alexandria. It is located in a prestigious location, well furnished, and highly accessible. However it is not a private property and thus imposes the burden of paying high monthly rent. This location is equipped by personal computers, laptops, wireless(prenominal) network, and they have electronic marketing forces empowered by strong specialists in the field. e. The presence of an independent financial management and independent social affairs and legal affairs units whose staff are paid.The recycling project, the specialized teams used in field case studies, the illiteracy teachers, and volunteers. f. The omit of specific religious or political directions and the presence of strong rel ationships with respectable figures in Alexandria. The inclusion of small associations in the many events organized by the association. dependency on respectable personalities in providing certain services. g. Partnering with the association provides the partner several privileges and huge returns.A list of those privileges and returns to partners and individuals can be found later in the appendices. The obvious weakness points observed in this association include the following a. Funding problems (almost self-financing by 99% from members) and the presence of many projects in second track but (senior management has recently begun to train the middle class members to complete these projects and continue the transfer of expertise to their followers). b. There are no integration link up mingled with the projects. c. Some personal conflict problems might arise sporadically among members.d. Administrative problems, and lack of strictness and formalization procedures due to a conflic t between the role of leader and manager, but they overcome this problem by appointing an executive director. e. Inadequate promotion for the association in the media compared to other competitors. The reasons are mainly to debase expenses and due to the compel security restrictions. f. The absence of headquarters in some governorates like Dakahleya and Gharbeya which constitutes a big problem because the teams there are highly specialized and they need the proper setting to come up on it.g. The lack of specialization between the work forces in undertaking the projects. h. Some communication problems were present however, the forgiving Resources Director has solved them. i. insufficiency of volunteers and problems with their continuity/tenure. In some cases the volunteer has a desire to see the immediate result of his voluntary work which makes them less patient to continue. Most of the projects carried out by the association have longer term impacts and feasibility. j. Shortag e in financial resources and operational tools.The major opportunities, brought from the external environment, approach the association for the time being include the following a. Activating some agreements with the Union of Arab doctors, the Ministry of Environment, various associations, political awareness teams, in addition to different clement and awareness-raising teams seeking support from the association in terms of logistics and training. b. A strong deactivated relationship with Al-Jazeera training center which is currently under study. c.The existence of many public figures, associations, and young modest advocates who have neither political nor religious direction. The association can take advantage of their cooperation efforts. d. A number of donors from America, Canada and Morocco who have appeared after the gyration as service volunteers like doctors. e. Localities and the Council of the People elections. This can be achieved by nominating independent members. Any s uccessful nominated member can offer some facilities and services to the association.Also, this will give the chance for the association to be presented as one of the active civil society organizations participating in crafting the new constitution. f. fling many partnerships to join the association with large well known institutions such as New Horizons, the Arab Academy for Science and Technology, and other new companies through exhibitions. Their offered contributions come mainly in the form of donations. g. The existence of promising facilities to complete some strategic projects through governmental entities.h. Reducing some of the strict scrutiny procedures imposed previously by the old government and the security apparatus. i. The expansion and proliferation in the environment of charity work, the launch of various public events and the intense presence of the civil society activities. j. The potential for participation with other unknown may be small, associations to perform some other projects outside the scope of work of the association. This represents the potential for diversification and expansion of work coverage. k.Peoples Openness and their new reconciliation with the community with the desire to join the civil society institutions to provide charity services. l. The presence of various finance institutions through which the association can expand its operations scale after getting approvals from concerned authorities. m. The neutrality of the association both politically and religiously is a major strength. It is manifested in attracting bodies of various ideologies either as beneficiaries or participants. These include for example, Morosely Church or El-Azhar in my life project.The major threats or challenges, brought from the external environment, facing the association include the following a. The societal openness can produce many competitors some of them are supported by huge funding schemes and are biased toward the fulfillment of certa in political religious agendas. b. Security threats to volunteers and the porta of exposure to risk in places where they provide services. The possibility of being abused by law breakers due to the lack of security in the Egyptian streets mainly after the recent events.c. Exploiting associations activities for the beneficial interests of others. This is totally rejected. This might impose the threat of diluting the associations public image. Examples include candidates coverage for elections or political support using associations name and good reputation. d. The presence of some competitors with high media coverage, such as resala. e. The culture of voluntary work is still somehow tentative. The lack of awareness of others about the culture of volunteerism and societal responsibility. f.The necessity to invest in volunteers to improve their skills and derive maximum value out of their participation. g. The unstable economic situation of the Egyptian State. h. The role of the Mini stry of Social Solidarity has been hindering the progress of the work of the civil society for long years ago. i. The emergence of the Muslim brotherhood and the ancestors (salaf) as major competitors. j. Lack of human rights and political awareness and the prevailing unjustified freedom leading to chaotic results. k. The culture of the conspiracy against Egypt and the presence of some many unnaturalEgyptian T. V talk show moderators. l. The owners of certain rented headquarters are drug dealers. This represents a major threat calling for immediate actions in moving those headquarters. 2. The PEST analysis a. Political Factors The political environment in which the association operates appears to be unstable. This status has recently turned to be much intense following the revolution due to the emergence of new political groupings. There are some promising expectations that the new democratically elected government will set new policies that are pro the civil society.The new policie s are expected to contain modified laws that regulate taxation and provide more support and facilities to NGOs operations. The old government economic policies seemed to be incredibly inefficient resulting into a deteriorated national economic performance. This government had also no hand on regulating the marketing ethics of operating NGOs. Its major concern was on prohibiting religiously oriented activities and banning NGOs participation in the political life. b. Economic Factors The slowdown in Egyptian national economy has impacted the role of the association.This was reflected into low interest rates on savings and high interest charges on borrowings. The inflation rate continued to grow reducing the purchasing value of the Egyptian pound. The long-term prospects for the economy Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and other economic indicators will depend on the policies and procedures adopt by the new elected government. c. Socio-cultural Factors The dominant religion in Egypt is Islam. The association is not discriminating against either religion or gender. The partnership with morkoseya church is an narrate to support this claim.The role of women continues to grow largely and rapidly in the Egyptian society. They are becoming well educated, highly paid, and having a self commitment toward volunteer work. The mass of people the association is targeting its services are illiterate. The general population lacks a solid awareness regarding green environmental issues. This is a very grievous role of the association in advocating for a green environment and promoting green activities. These include reducing consumption and disposal rates, saving energy, recycling disposed itemsand so forthd. Technological Factors Technological innovations make life easier for all. The association utilizes as many of the technological facilities like wireless connections, fax, and international calls to carry out daily activities. The focus should be directed toward strengthening associations technological infrastructure to be able to do business through online communication convey. There are strong promises regarding what the future can bring to the civil society in general and to the association in particular. This is manifested in several key points.First the majority of people are becoming motivated to volunteer work. Second the increased public awareness of the importance of civic and collective actions in contrast to secretive the role of the individual to achieve purely personal goals. Third the strong promises and positive perception maintained by the majority of the poor toward the role of the civil society due to government failure to satisfy their needs. Forth the diversity in working areas removes many of the restrictions imposed on the civilian work.Fifth the potential for cooperation from the new elected democratic government. Sixth the potential for receiving huge inflows of international donors funds. Finally, the presence of many initiatives aimed at community and society renaissance that could be built upon. Conclusion and Recommendations Based on the previous systematic analyses, the following conclusions are reached. The selected association is one of an above medium size. It has several branches covering a range of governorates in Egypt.In addition to that it has multiple international partnership agreements abroad with some countries like Kuwait and Dubai. It is innovative due to the creativity exercised by its members in proposing and launching new project initiatives given the limited financial and physical resources available to them. The diversity of its projects adds to its effectiveness by solving problems in multiple little areas. Administratively, the association can be run more efficiently than its current status. The overhead costs can be controlled so that not to exceed 10% of the annual budget.This can be achieved through cutting back on hospitality, renting, and utilities expenses or finding a sponsor company to offer them for free. The remainder of the budget should be entirely devoted to implementing key projects and programs. Once those two objectives are met keeping O. H costs to the minimum and maximizing the pool of resources available to projects the association can enhance its reliability and credibility as perceived by the various stakeholder groups. It has to overcome one of its critical weaknesses which is the deficient public media coverage.Adopting innovative promotional campaigns, through media, flyers, and positive word of mouth, can bring in extra revenues, many volunteers individuals or corporations, government support, and a favorable public image. It has to integrate advance sophisticated techniques to save institutional memory for the next generations. Applying digital archiving, video and audio recordings of authorised projects, seminars, and events, keeping records of associations best practices are all effective methods to save memory beside the conventional paper-based archiving mechanism.Web presence is very critical to the association. It is not well developed because the current website is down and the main accession to potential members is through the social media like the face book. Thus, developing a full featured website can provide good communication channels for the association both locally and internationally. The association has to allow potential members to register online. The composition of the board of directors needs some adjustments.A combination of co-founders, highly prestigious figures, pie-eyed capitalists, experienced technocrats given the fact that they are all politically and religiously unbiased will allow the association to leverage each partys privileges respectively. The reason is that co-founders are well informed about the association, its mission, vision, goals and have an intuitive inner commitment to achieve them. The highly prestigious, well known, famous, and rich members who represent the status symbol can bring in extra money through their special donations and strong contacts with bureaucrats.The wealthy capitalists can have a win-win situation. On the one hand, they can enjoy public credibility and commitment toward social responsibility and on the other hand they will cash in the association to derive this legitimacy. Experienced technocrats can propose better structural reforms, manage operational complexities, and implement strategies to improve performance by capitalizing on strengths and overcoming weaknesses. The association is membership-based and it serves multiple interests. It channels members annual fees to implement projects serving members of the poor communities.It also develops the skills and competencies of its members in return for their volunteer time, money, and efforts. The non-profit nature of the association should not hinder its attempts to implement profit-based projects. These projects are important to cover the high ove rhead cost, keep an emergency fund to hedge against bad economic conditions, invest surplus in revenue earning initiatives, finance new developmental projects, and finally keep work flow smoothly while enjoying the tax exemption privilege.Providing full fledged free support should be only restricted to severe cases. These include very poor, eldery, disable, and young sick children in highly marginalized areas. Otherwise, providing services should have something in return. For example, providing microfinance for poor families can be fit against donating a certain pctage of periodical revenues to fund other projects. One more thing that should be emphasized specially after the revolution of January twenty-fifth is augmenting international funding options.The association has to devise an effective strategy to share a large portion of international donor money coming into Egypt to support democracy. Only with a clear schedule of valuable projects, the association can guarantee interna tional donors support without facing the threat of policy conditionality i. e. , imposing a certain development agenda on fund recipient as a condition to be granted the money. This can secure associations activities financially, allow it to cover O. H costs, implement expansion plans, and better serve societys compelling needs.General recommendations to improve the civil society in Egypt 1. The presence of a regulatory environment for transparency rather than for control. 2. Ensuring enough flexibility in law application and enforcement i. e. , the law versus the implementation issue. 3. Promoting an openness commitment to partnership between government and public institutions and the civil society. 4. Supporting a bottom-up approach to development from donors side. 5. Supporting the creation of institutions rather than only inadequate or medium term programs to promote for sustainable development.6. Mobilizing mechanisms to maximize the real value perceived by the beneficiaries f rom the donors dollars. Page (2011) mentioned that only 10 to 30 percent of this actual grant will go to the real beneficiaries. 7. Supporting the youth-led NGOs so that they can actually participate in leading the winds of change toward democracy in Egypt. P. S. for those interested in accessing the association for donations, or more research work, here are associations contacts. Address

A Review of the Communication and Leadership in Jusco Essay

The coitionship is set up when the union regular operation. With the phoner growing, it im washbasincel puzzle to a greater extent and more employees. So dialogue and lead is re bothy signifi understructuret. The race is harmony so that the employees allow more doingive, talk is fully reflected whether easily or bad of the singingship between employees and employers. lead has a bear-sized role in here. We define leaders as the ability to influence a multitude toward the get toment of a vision or set of goals. Organizations invite impregn adequate lead and strong management for optimal effectiveness.We need leaders today to challenge the status quo, create visions of the future, and inspire organisational members to want to achieve the visions. (Stephen P. Robbins, 1998). Leadership is a management which manage supply to do the business, and make it clearly and more effective. 2. 1 Background of Jusco With Diaoyu Dao event came turn erupt, the relationship between lacquer and mainland mainland China is be fall worsened and worse. China even occur boycott lacquerese goods last year. Many of Chinese battalion became roll in the hayaille to destroy Japanese enterprise. Most of patriotic personages were held the demonstration in opposite city in China.They boycotted Japanese goods so that all of Japanese companies were going observe in China. Jusco is Japanese friendship Jusco is con for Japan United Stores Company. The various of Jusco companies ar subsidiaries of aeon CO. Ltd. There was a JUSCO in Shanghai before, but it was dropped bulge finally because of poor management. In Guangdong, Guangdong JUSCO Co. , Ltd used the name JUSCO to operate the send-off JUSCO at 1996. Now, there atomic number 18 13 shops in Guangdong. It took the lead in the introduction of foreign advanced GMS (department store the supermarket) format method, and in 2010 launched the SM (Food supermarket) formats.Guangdong JUSCO has a sound managem ent system and in 2005 obtained the ISO9001 2000 quality management system affirmation national green market certification in 2007, was unmatched of the first to obtain the certification of retail enterprises 2010, ISO14001 2004 environmental management system certification, the retail business is the first to pass the certification. Adhering to the everything for customers business philosophy, Guangdong JUSCO has been thought to permit customers with security, peace of mind and aver of goods, services and a comfortable shopping environment for the mission, so that customers relish shopping.Guangdong JUSCO business goods include fashion clothing, household goods, sporting goods, home decorations, food, Japanese cuisine, fast food and otherwise necessities. 2. 2 Research objectives 1. 2. 1 Definition of conversation and leading dialogue is a slippery concept, and enchantment we may casually use the word with whatsoever frequency, it is difficult to arrive at a very(pre z ero(pre no.inal)einal) definition that is agreeable to most of those who consider themselves dialogue scholars. converse is so deeply rooted in human behaviors and the structures of society that it is difficult to think of social or behavioral events that ar absent chat. Halavais, 2006). much and more countries open up their market in this modern world. Communication become very authorised to Jusco, due to relationship between Japan and China is getting worse. Leadership has been described as a adjoin of social influence in which one person can enlist the aid and sustain of others in the accomplishment of a common task. (Chemers M. 1997). Leadership is easy to understand that organize a group of people to achieve a common goal. Under this global world, every government activity is need cross-culture leaders.cross-cultural psychology attempts to understand how individuals of different cultures interact with each other (Abbe, Gulick, & vitamin A Herman, 2007). 1. 2. 2 To inv estigate the serving for discourses and leadership. Communications is a bragging(a) problem in Jusco. This is common problem in China. AEON has been set up 18 Jusco in Guangdong, naturally, managers, leaders and employees all are Chinese. Otherwise, they must do the subcontract under the working mode of AEON management. So communication slightlytimes is a big problem. nidus of communication is deciding how to communicate to each other.We move on subdivide the vertical dimension into d admitward and upward directions. (R. L. Simpson, 1999) sometimes, most of gross sales do non provide to talk to Juscos managers. And I know, Jusco managers also do non want to communicate to Japanese employers. It is even more badly when the DIAOYU DAO event happened. Japan and China are in stalemate. Leadership is mainly cross-culture leadership. 1. 2. 3 Further problem To engender out further search opportunities for current problem. With the Japan and China become more and more hostil ity. We be seduce to find out how does Japanese organization do in China.So we can research other Japanese company to feel some more opportunities to compare Jusco. 1. 3 Research rationale I choose this payoff because I was worked in Jusco as a red wine-coloured salesman last year, and I know this is get Culture Company, and its communication and leadership must be changed afterwards the relation between China and Japan get worse. So I decide to use my MO knowledge to how it leave alone be changed. Or keep the old style to manage. 2. Literature review 3. 3 Introduction Communication and leadership start out a big role in management forever. Communication is decided whether make the company block in the harmony function.This makes the organization more effective and standard. Verbal communication is important to Jusco, but non-verbal communication is also important to it. Jusco is cross-culture organization Chinese managers need to talk to Japanese senior management. After DIAOYU DAO event, the relation between Japan and China is getting worse, Japanese and Chinese cannot pass water a nice conversation. So I want to find out the difference of deuce stages. Leadership is an ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals. However, not all the leaders are managers.Organizations need strong leadership and strong management for optimal effectiveness. So Jusco is the kindred. Jusco is customer-focused service operation. They have a lot of leaders in Jusco. Different apartment has different leader. However, a good leader can make it more effective. It also make customer more comfortable when customers shopping in Jusco. 3. 4 Main issuecommunications Communication represents one of the most important nibs that the leaders have at their disposal to perform their influencing of tasks. Its significance is such that some authors consider it as the blood that brings life to the organization. Paulo Nunes, 2011) In Jusco, communic ation is important thing, no matter employers or employees, they need to communicate to each other. Due to billet distance is stay in the high level. Power distance is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) engage and expect that power is distributed unequally. (Gert Jan Hofstede, 1965) Japan is in the high level of Power distance index. So do Jusco, senior managers have some power to manage and ask employees to do the job. However, Jusco is customer-focused service operation.Sometimes, senior managers leave alone ask others to serve customers not himself. They have their own duties. But they need to put customers at the first position. So this is the main problem in Jusco. And the communication is has the big usage for employers to avoid this bunk happening. Communication has the general emergence. The key parts of this model are the sender, encoding, the message, the channel, decoding, the receiver, noise, and feedba ck. The sender starts a message by encoding a thought. The message is the real thing of the senders encoding. When we speak, the speech is message.Our writing is the message. The movements of our acting and the expressions on our face are the message when we gesture. One of the suitable openhearteds of communications is organizational communication. In organizational communication, there is one kind of mode for Jusco testis small-group networks. Formal organizational networks can be very complicated. There are iii kinds in this mode, chain, steering wheel and all channel. The more effective criteria are the networks wheel and all channel. Jusco is wheel mode. For example, one manager is managing drink, wine and so on. 3. Main issueLeadership Leadership has main two kinds of theories. One is trait theories of leadership, and it is focus on personal qualities and characteristics. By 1990s, after research, studies and analyses, the best leader is conflicting the normal people. They are special. But the particular traits that characterized them varied a great deal from review to review. (S. A. Kirkpatrick, 1991) world-shaking relationships exist between leadership and such individual traits as in divideigence, adjustment, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience and general self-efficacy. spot the trait theory of leadership has arisen again, its reemergence has not been accompanied by a corresponding increase in sophisticated conceptual frameworks. (Zaccaro, S. J. 2007). The other is behavioral theories. In response to the early criticisms of the trait approach, theorists began to research leadership as a set of behaviors, evaluating the behavior of successful leaders, determining behavior taxonomy, and poseing broad leadership styles. (Spillane, crowd P, 2004) The managerial grid model is also based on a behavioral theory. According to three styles authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire. Lewin, Kurt, 1939). Normally, some leaders may c ompare traits and behaviors to manage however, they are still failing to manage. As important as traits and behaviors are in identifying effective or ineffective leaders and they do not promises to success. 3. 6 Theories used in Jusco While the communication model used in Jusco, if managers can use this kind of skills, employees can be pleased to accept the order and finish the job in a short time. Formal small-group networks is the normal communications mode exist in Jusco. I ever was a wine sales in Jusco, my group all are sales of wine.The wheel relies on a aboriginal figure out to act as the conduct for the entire groups communication it simulates the communication network you would find on a team with a strong leader. 2. 5 Conclusion to a higher place the literature review, we can understand the theories of communication and leadership. And figure out which kind of model can be used in Jusco. However, something I can know more in the Jusco senior management. So Ican not ensur e the how the solve the problem just by this simplified concepts. 3. Research methodology. 4. 7 overall research design Step 1 Select Jusco as the object of study. Step 2 Use communication and leadership theories to clarify the usage of management system. Step 3 Find materials near communication and leadership in Jusco. Step 4 Organize the materials found before. Step 5 Combine the viewpoints that have same directions. Step 6 Add personal views in research paper. Step 7 Come out the final research paper. At first, you have to set up your research title. In this modern world, people pay attention to personal bene garments from work, so how to make the communications effective and in a straightlaced way can be a key element to achieve success for companies.And leadership is fashioning the company keep the direction keep on the right way. And make the company get more effective and achieve the goals as fast as possible. This is why I choose communication and leadership in Jus co, especially in the specific stage, after the DIAOYU DAO event. After deciding what title is, I protrude to search breeding approximately communication and leadership which can support my research, and then finding opinions about the communication and leadership system in Jusco.With collection of all the materials that I need in this paper, the tonicity four is to organize them and find out what the authors opinions about communication and leadership in Jusco, even in Japanese organization. When clarifying the points from some experts. Communication has some usage for making the whole company faculty harmony, and let the managersto know more about employees. Let the whole company become the one big thing, and stay in the high effective. At the end, you read all the references, and link the knowledge and make it to the net. pass judgment out why the communication and leadership in Jusco is so important and which kinds of mode are fit for Jusco. 3. 2 Ways to conduct literature search Key words Source Finding cross-cultural competence in Army leaders From library books Abbe, A. , Gulick, L. M. V. , & Herman, J. L. An integrative theory of leadership. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates From library books Chemers M. (1997) The process of communication From library books D. K. Berlo, Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences. From library books Empirical foundation. (Study authorship 2008-01). WIKIBOOKSCONTRIBUTORS. From library books Halavais, Joe Petrick, Ashley Anker(2006) Cultures and Organizations packet of the Mind From library books Hofstede, Geert, Gert Jan Hofstede and Michael Minkov. Great Motivation Secrets of Great Leaders. UCD library John Baldoni(2005) diary of Social Psychology From library books 8. Lewin, Kurt Lippitt, Ronald White, Ralph (1939). Communications Google research Paulo Nunes, 2011 Vertical and Horizontal Communication in Formal Organizations From library books R. L. Simpson, 1986 Employment Relations From library books Rose, 2001. Acadermy of attention Executive UCD library S. A. Kirkpatrick and E. A. Locke, Towards a theory of leadership practice From library books Spillane, James P. et al. , Richard Diamond, John (2004) Essentials of Organizational Behavior Text book Stephen P. Robbins and Timothy A. Judge(1998) Trait-based perspectives of leadership From library books Zaccaro, S. J. (2007). 3. 3 Research Approach Q1 Is it communication is important in Jusco between all the staff? A YES B NO Q2 In communication, which thing do you think is important? A trust B honest C honorQ3 Which thing go forth affecttheresult of the communication? A skills of communication. B parties of communications. C place when having communication. Q4 Do Jusco do the research to know more about what the employees want? issue down your opinion. Q5 Do all the staff depart have courage to communicate to the managers? Write down your opinion. Q6 If some problem happens between two apartments, how d o you communicate under this movement? Write down your opinion. Q7 How do you think the level of effective during working in the Jusco? A high. B normal. C low.Q8 How do you identify superior/ overcome relationship? A very clear, I ordain report to superior. B banner sometimes will interpose my work. C Often several superiors give the order at the same time. D When I facing the problem, I do not know who I can ask. Q9 How do your manager to order your work? A manager will show me the detail. B manager will discuss with me when I am in trouble. C manager normally do not discuss with us. D I often confused when I get the order from my manager. E other______________ Q10Do you often find nobody will be responsible for the job, how do Jusco take charge?Write down your opinion. Question no. 1 to question no. 3 are identify is communication important to the employers or sales in Jusco. I want to know is it some problem in communication in Jusco staff. It helps to clear my thoughts that whether communication is barriers in Jusco between the employees. Due to superior/subordinate relationship is really complicated. At the same time, according to the communication process, I want to find out which process is something wrong. Like question no. 1, it will give all the staff a shake. They maybe will suddenly realize we are lack of communication during the work.Question no. 2 is the same to question 1, just want to notice staff to think about the communication. The usage of question 3 is precious to ask them whether communication will affect their work. What is the problem will come out if communication in a low level. Give something to them to think. And this serious of problems are more valuable after the DIAOYU DAO event come out. Due to Jusco is in embarrassing situation in China. Question no. 3 and question no. 4 are the same direction. After give 3 questions to wake you up and think about the communication in Jusco.Comparing their real situation in Jusco, and rese arch the information about the communication is it works out. And does it effective or not. These two questions both need to write down your own opinion, your own thoughts. These are staff real thoughts. According to it, maybe the management in human behavior of Jusco can change the structure to make the whole Jusco has more effective. Question no. 5 and question no. 6 are transition question it is from communication questions to leadership questions. Questions no. 5 and question no. 6 are concern about communication and leadership.It is not only asking staff the situation of communication, but also checks the leadership in Jusco. We can see the superficial current situation of leadership in Jusco. After I get the superficial information about the leadership, we will collect the information about evaluation of the effective. With the question no. 7, we check the standard of their effective. By this collection, we get this information and find out whether leadership in Jusco is good to use. Question no. 8 is mainly to check the sales and employees how to treat with their superior. Hence, it also evaluates harmony of communication between superior and subordinate.If the relation is harmony, it has a lot of effect to affect the leadership exercise power. Question no. 9 has connection with question no. 9 question no. 8 is mainly collecting the information from employers and sales in Jusco. We can see the truth about the real working situation by opinions of employees and sales. According to their view, we have to do some evaluations to check the leadershipeffective or not. Question no. 10 is helps Jusco to improve their situation. Jusco is customers first company, if this situation coming up, all of employers and managers have to serve customers first.This is vision of Jusco. If they all pass the job to others, no one serve customers. client will go away with his dissatisfaction and blame Jusco has the bad service. What the worse, he will complain or tell every fr iend he knows so that the bad image of Jusco has been set up. 3. 4 Sampling For sampling, I need to contact with Jusco. Each observation measures one or more targets, sampling have too methods and everyone should to be used in the proper way. They all are unique. They are demanded to suitable different situation become the characteristics difference.Jusco as the biggest retail corporation in Asia, in Guangdong, it also the Top 3 of retail corporation. So Jusco is a big corporation, I think Simple random sampling is fit for Jusco. In general, I put one Jusco as the whole, Equal to the probability of each individual to be able to get through one by one extraction method to extract a ensample of each extract this sampling method is simple-minded random sampling. Why I choose simple random sampling? Due to Jusco have 26 stores in Guangdong province. Their cope is too big, so I have pretended their probability is equal. Hence, I choose the random one store has regular crustal plate to do this research.Even though, each Jusco has different sales, employees and managers. The mode of management in Jusco do not change, each Jusco is the same administrative mode, Advanced GMS comprehensive department store supermarket retail business model. Normally, one GMS mode of Jusco has five hundred to one thousand staff. They divided into different departments. Each department I will find the 20 people to do this research. When they done their research, I gathering all the information, and continue to analysis. When I finished that, I will finish my goals and finish my all objective. 3. Data access and collection To do this research and make the sampling, I have to go to Jusco investigation in Guangdong province. However, you cannot go in the Jusco working area easily. It is lucky I was worked there before, I know the managers. With the top managers in supermarket agreement, I finally go into and do some survey. My main contact person is my friend who sells the red wine insid e it. Contact people Wang Hong 3. 6 Methods of data analysis After I finish my survey, I will use my organization behavior management and cross culture management to analysis Jusco.How to communication and leadership will happen in it. The further I will analysis is what will affect them after the DIAOYU DAO events. 3. 7 Research limitation As a full time student in Singapore, we have little time to do the research. Due to the time is too short, I do not have enough time to make the scope large, and make is simplified. At the same time, I still have another course my time will become shorter and shorter. Under this reason, maybe my point of view will short for one side. Maybe leadership will gather more information than communications.In China many things are cannot show in the newspaper so the information collection is a big problem, and Chinese people do not say anything so clearly, especially in the relationship, during the research. The superior/subordinate relationship cannot r ecord faithfully. Maybe subordinates are too afraid to answer the truth. And even more, English is not my first English, many words we need to figure out how to express my view of points. 4. Conclusion 5. 8 summary This essay is mainly to show that how communication and leadershipwill affect the work in the organization.Different organization has their ownmanagement mode and their own culture. These are affecting the staff how to act in the company. According to the first part of communication, communication is basis skills in the human behavior. Communication process will show us the menstruum during two people communicates. Make the communication more effective is lead to the whole working give ear more effective. However, there are some barriers to effective communication. Like filtering, selective perception. Emotions, information overload and so on. The next objective is leadership. Due to there is a big problem, about the relations.Due to in China, the employee will very afr aid of the boss, so if the employers want to get the feedback is a very difficult thing. So the communication skill is necessary, but without the communication skill, what can the employer get the information from is also consider in this part. And whats effect will the relationship come up with. Managers must not be a leadership, everyone can do. However, Jusco in China, most of people are Chinese. Leadership means that you are my boss, you are my superior, I need to receive you order to do the job. So leadership in this, there is a lot of determine to have this research.The last part is how communication and leadership actually do in Jusco. How managers are good usage of these theories to manage Jusco working. 4. 2 Implications With the company growth up, and more and more employee will join with the company to help a company to give produce, and there will be one day the company become a global company then it will face the east and west different culture, and the relationship i s not as simple as before, how can the employer deal with it. They need to use the tool of communication, and even developing their leadership to make he reach their personal goal.China is depending on relations, this is a marvel country. Communication is a good weapon to flight during in this society. Leadership is one person who cans good use at communications and he has the ability to gather some people to achieve the goals. This is difference to order people to do the job. 4. 3 Further research opportunities Actually in China, relation is important thing. This is not only communication nor does leadership make it success. Every foreign company, need to do some research about relations. If you control this, you can live really well in China. credit rating 1. Abbe, A. , Gulick, L. M. V. & Herman, J. L. (2007). Cross-cultural competence in Army leaders. 2. Chemers M. (1997) An integrative theory of leadership. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers 3. D. K. Berlo, The process of communication (NEW YORK Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1960), pp. 30-32. 4. Empirical foundation. (Study Report 2008-01). Arlington, VA U. S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences. 5. Halavais, Joe Petrick, Ashley Anker(2006) WIKIBOOKS CONTRIBUTORS. Free software Foundation, Inc. 6. 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Stephen P. Robbins and Timothy A. Judge(1998) Essentials of Organizational Behavior. Eleventh edition. Pearson Educated Ltd. 15. Zaccaro, S. J. (2007). Trait-based perspectives of leadership. American Psychologist, 62, 6-16. Confirmation Certificate Congratulations You have successfully completed the Library Plagiarism Quiz.Student Name Chen Zhiying Student Number .. 11211905. bodyguard . 2012-10-18.. THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT (signature)chen zhiying.. HAS COMPLETED THE PLAGIARISM QUIZ Remember that the confirmation certificate is a disceptation by you that you understand buccaneering and know how to avoid it. If you think that you do not understand plagiarism and how to avoid it after working through this tutorial, you should confer with your module coordinator, no matter what score you have obtained on the test.